Concept explainers
- a. Draw the Lewis structure for methanol (wood alcohol), H3COH.
- b. Based on this structure, predict the H–C–H bond angle. Explain your reasoning.
- c. Based on this structure, predict the H–O–C bond angle. Explain your reasoning.
(a)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure for methanol has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the chemical bonding of covalently bonded molecules and coordination compounds.
The chemical bonding present in covalently bonded molecules and in coordination compounds are represented using Lewis structures.
It is also known as Lewis dot structures which represents the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance.
All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real.
These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.
Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,
First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.
Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,
Explanation of Solution
The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecules are determined by first drawing the skeletal structure for the given molecules, then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecules are determined.
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
The given moleucle is
Thus, the Lewis structure of given compound is,
(b)
Interpretation:
The bond angle value in
Concept Introduction:
Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.
Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,
Explanation of Solution
Lewis structure for the given compound Methanol is,
Here, the carbon atom does not have lone pair of electrons and the geometry around the carbon atom is tetrahedral, thus the bond angle in between
(c)
Interpretation:
The bond angle value in
Concept Introduction:
Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.
Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,
Explanation of Solution
Lewis structure for the given compound Methanol is,
Here in
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry In Context
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Organic Chemistry
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry: Atoms First
Introductory Chemistry (6th Edition)
- Analyze the structure of the molecule below D. Carbon 8 has a bond angle C7-C8-C9 _________________ A. 90o B. 109.5o C. 120o D. 180o E. Can’t tell E. Comparing the bond C2-C3, and C6-C7, the LONGER bond is _________________ F. Below is a list of functional groups (other than alkane) present in this molecule. The correct one is ___________ A. alkene, ketone, alkyne and ether B. alkyne, amide, ketone and ether C. alkyne, alkene, alcohol and ester D. ether, alkyne, , amide, and alkene E. None of the abovearrow_forwardConsider the molecules — BrF5. A. Draw the best Lewis structure for this molecule. Label any atoms with nonzero formal charge. B. Label each bond angle. As part of your answer be sure to include if it is more or less than the ideal bond angle. C. What is the electron geometry around the bromine atom? D. Are the bonds in the molecule polar? E. Is the overall molecule polar? — CH2 F2 . A. Draw the best Lewis structure for this molecule. B. Label each bond angle. Answers for A-D here: C. Redraw the shape of the molecule. Draw all dipoles. D. Is the overall molecule polar? — Consider the molecule CH2 CF2 . A. Draw the best Lewis structure for this molecule. B. Label each bond angle. C. Redraw the shape of the molecule (according to the exacting specifications of your instructor). Draw all dipoles. D. Is the overall molecule polar?arrow_forwardPart A) Consider the structural changes that occur in the following molecules. Begin by drawing the best Lewis Structure for each of the following molecules. BH3 CH4 NH3 H2O HF Part B)What are the ideal bond angles for each structure, and which are expected to be distorted? For the ones that are distorted look up on the internet and record their experimental values here: Part C)According to Lewis and VSEPR theory, why do these changes occur?arrow_forward
- What is the chemical formula for ethane? Observe your ethane molecule. Are there any polar covalent bonds present? Based on your answer would you predict that ethane would or would not dissolve easily in water? Now imagine taking off one hydrogen from ethane and adding a hydroxyl group in its place. Draw your completed ethanol molecule below. ouy? Ethanol is an alcohol found in drinks such as beer and wine. Examine this molecule. Are there any polar cov bonds present? Based on your answer, would you predict that ethanol would or would not dissolve easily in water?arrow_forwardFor the following molecules, NF3 a. Give the total number of valence electrons in the moleculeb. Draw the lewis structurec. Name the molecule using the proper naming system for covalent molecules.d. Identify the electron geometry and the molecular geometry (shape)e. Give the electronic configurations for carbon, chlorine and fluorine. Identify anysimilarities.f. Find another molecule that has the same molecular geometry (the shape) as NF3arrow_forwardSodium Azide is an ionic compound that is used in automotive air bags. It has the chemical formula NaN3 (The Azide ion is N , and should not be confused with the Nitride ion, N°). a. Give the LEWIS diagram of the Azide ion. b. What is the geometry of the Azide ion? What is the bond angle of the Azide ion?arrow_forward
- Please answer the following questions in your own words. Define the following terms: Ion – Valence electrons – Atomic number – Electronegativity – Octet rule – Explain the difference between a covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bond. Compare and contrast polar and nonpolar covalent bonding. Identify 1 similarity and 1 difference. Answer the following questions about water (H20): Which type of chemical bond holds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in a single water molecule? Which type of chemical bond holds different water molecules together in a water droplet? Is water an example of a polar or nonpolar molecule? Explain. Which atom in a water molecule has a greater electronegativity? Will water dissolve nonpolar molecules? Explain. Explain how the following properties of water are important to living organisms: Water has a high heat of vaporization Water is a good solvent Ice is less dense than liquid waterarrow_forwardConsider the nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) molecule. What is the central atom? Enter its chemical symbol. How many lone pairs are around the central atom? What is the ideal angle between the nitrogen-fluorine bonds? Compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the actual angle between the nitrogen-fluorine bonds to be ... 0° (choose one) Xarrow_forwardDraw the lewis structure for SH2. Then identify the electron pair geometry (EPG), molecular geometry (MG) bond angle (BA), and polarity (P). Select one: a. EPG: tetrahedral, MG: Bent, BA: <<109.5*, P: non-polar b. EPG: bent, MG: tetrahedral, BA: <<109.5*, P: polar c. EPG: tetrahedral, MG: bent, BA: <<109.5*, P: polar d. EPG: tetrahedral, MG: Bent, BA: 120*, P: non-polararrow_forward
- Change ethane into 1,2-ethanediol (HOCH2CH2OH) by removing one hydrogen atom from each carbon atom and replacing with a hydroxide (-OH) group. Build a model of the 1,2-ethanediol molecule. A. Identify the electron-pair and molecular geometry around each carbon and oxygen atom. B. What are the bond angles for H-C-H? For H-C-C? For C-C-O? For C-O-H? C. Draw two different structures of the molecule in which the –OH groups on the two carbon atoms have different orientations with respect to each other.arrow_forwardHave each member of your group select one of the molecules shown below and complete steps a–d. Each member should then present his or her results to the rest of the group, explaining the reasoning used to determine the answers. CS2 NCl3 CF4 CH2F2a. Draw the Lewis dot structure.b. Determine the molecular geometry and draw it accurately.c. Indicate the polarity of any polar bonds within the structure.d. Classify the molecule as polar or nonpolar.arrow_forwardFill in the table. Central atom is listed first. A. Write the number of valence electrons below the formulaB. Draw the Lewis structureC & D. Write the Electron Group Geometry and Molecular Shape NamesE. Write the bond angleF. Write the molecular polarity. "P" for polar and "NP" for nonpolar. SpeciesValenceElectrons(1 pt.) LewisStructure(2 pt.) Electron PairGeometryName(1 pt.) Molecular ShapeName (1 pts.) BondAngle (1 pt.) Molecular Polarity(1 pt.) PO43- NOBr Uploadarrow_forward
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning