Systems Architecture
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305080195
Author: Stephen D. Burd
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 2PE
If a microprocessor has a cycle time of 0.5 nanoseconds, what’s the processor clock rate? If the fetch cycle is 40% of the processor cycle time, what memory access speed is required to implement load operations with zero wait states and load operations with two wait states?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Systems Architecture
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1VECh. 4 - ________________ generates heat in electrical...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3VECh. 4 - Prob. 4VECh. 4 - Prob. 5VECh. 4 - One _________________ is one cycle per second.
Ch. 4 - Prob. 7VECh. 4 - When an instruction is first fetched from memory,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9VECh. 4 - Prob. 10VE
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11VECh. 4 - Prob. 12VECh. 4 - The contents of a memory location are copied to a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14VECh. 4 - A(n) ________________ instruction always alters...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16VECh. 4 - A(n) ____________________ instruction copies data...Ch. 4 - The CPU incurs one or more _________________ when...Ch. 4 - The CPU incurs one or more _____ when its idle,...Ch. 4 - In many CPUs, a register called the _____ stores...Ch. 4 - The components of an instruction are its _____ and...Ch. 4 - Two 1-bit values generate a 1 result value when...Ch. 4 - A(n) _____ operation transforms a 0 bit value to 1...Ch. 4 - _____ predicts that transistor density will double...Ch. 4 - A(n) _____ is a measure of CPU or computer system...Ch. 4 - _____ is a CPU design technique in which...Ch. 4 - Describe the operation of a MOVE instruction. Why...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 7RQCh. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Prob. 9RQCh. 4 - How does pipelining improve CPU efficiency? What’s...Ch. 4 - Prob. 11RQCh. 4 - Develop a program consisting of primitive CPU...Ch. 4 - If a microprocessor has a cycle time of 0.5...Ch. 4 - Processor R is a 64-bit RISC processor with a 2...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4PECh. 4 - Prob. 1RPCh. 4 - Prob. 2RPCh. 4 - Prob. 3RP
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- How does pipelining improve CPU efficiency? What’s the potential effect on pipelining’s efficiency when executing a conditional BRANCH instruction? What techniques can be used to make pipelining more efficient when executing conditional BRANCH instructions?arrow_forward_____ is a CPU design technique in which instruction execution is divided into multiple stages and different instructions can execute in different stages simultaneously.arrow_forwardA(n) ________________ instruction always alters the instruction execution sequence. A(n) ______________ instruction alters the instruction execution sequence only if a specified Condition is true.arrow_forward
- Most Intel CPUs use the __________, in which each memory address is represented by two integers.arrow_forwardThe time it takes to perform the fetch instruction and decode instruction steps is called the execution time. True or false?arrow_forwardProcessor R is a 64-bit RISC processor with a 2 GHz clock rate. The average instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor C is a CISC processor with a 1.8 GHz clock rate. The average simple instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. The average complex instruction requires two cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor R can’t directly implement the complex processing instructions of Processor C. Executing an equivalent set of simple instructions requires an average of three cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Program S contains nothing but simple instructions. Program C executes 70% simple instructions and 30% complex instructions. Which processor will execute program S more quickly? Which processor will execute program C more quickly? At what percentage of complex instructions will the performance of the two processors be equal?arrow_forward
- Suppose a program (or a program task) takes 1 billion instructions to execute ona processor running at 2 GHz. Suppose also that 50% of the instructions executein 3 clock cycles, 30% execute in 4 clock cycles, and 20% execute in 5 clockcycles. What is the CPI and CPU time for the program?arrow_forwardWhat is instruction pipelining in computer architecture? How does it improve the performance of a CPU?arrow_forwardWhat is pipelining in the context of computer architecture, and how does it improve instruction throughput in a CPU?arrow_forward
- For a microprocessor to operate, let assume that it requires 2MB of RAM and 7MB of ROM. What is the minimum number of address lines the microprocessor must support? Draw a memory map of the system, assuming that the addresses for the RAM are below the addresses for the ROM.arrow_forwardThe architecture of a CPU may consist of a universal register, a singular accumulator, or a stack. Each has benefits and drawbacks. Your response could be correct or incorrect.arrow_forwardWhat is the minimum number of cycles needed to completely execute n instructions on a CPU with a k stage pipeline? What if you have 2 pipelines of k stages each?arrow_forward
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