Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The percentage of seeds that are expected to grow if the two genes are unlinked.
Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur when an antibiotic fails to kill the bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to that particular drug. As the bacteria become resistant, the illness becomes more severe, and the risk of complications and death increases.
b.
To determine: The presence of linkage if only 13% of the seeds grew in the medium and the map units between loci.
Introduction: Drug resistance can be described as the reduction in the effectiveness of a certain drug in ceasing the growth or killing the organism (pathogen), which was once successful in doing so. When a pathogen develops the ability to resist more than one drug, it is called “multi-drug resistance.”
c.
To determine: The proportion of the seeds that will grow on medium containing hygromycin and herbicide if the F1 progeny is test crossed.
Introduction: Horizontal gene transfer can be defined as the exchange of genetic contents between the unicellular and multi-cellular organisms that do not include the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. This process is responsible for evolution by mixing the genetic material of two species.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
Introduction to Genetic Analysis
- A pea plant has a mendilian completely dominant gene for height flower colour phenotype. A pure breeding tall purple flower plant is crossed with a white dwarf plant. All offspring are purple and tall. If one of these offspring are crossed again with the white dwarf plant, what is the chances of producing a tall white flower? Explain your answer and any assumptions that you had to make. Note: You may not need the entire punnett square below or you may wish to use a different method.arrow_forwardIn certain plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous short plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short? Show the punnett square please.arrow_forward. In the tiny model plant Arabidopsis, the recessive allele hyg confers seed resistance to the drug hygromycin, and her, a recessive allele of a different gene, confers seed resistance to herbicide. A plant that was homozygous hyg/hyg ⋅ her/her was crossed with wild type, and the F1 was selfed. Seeds resulting from the F1 self were placed on petri dishes containing hygromycin and herbicide.a. If the two genes are unlinked, what percentage of seeds are expected to grow?b. In fact, 13 percent of the seeds grew. Does this percentage support the hypothesis of no linkage? Explain. If not, calculate the number of map units between the loci.c. Under your hypothesis, if the F1 is testcrossed, what proportion of seeds will grow on the medium containing hygromycin and herbicide?arrow_forward
- In the video game Animal Crossing: New Horizons, flowering breeding is based in genetics. Each flower's color is determined by the genotype at three or four unlinked genes: R, Y, W, and S. The genotype of the elusive blue rose is RR YY ww ss. In the game, one way to get a blue rose is to cross two roses with the Rr Yy Ww ss genotype. A) What types of gametes and in what proportions will a Rr Yy Ww ss rose produce? B) In a cross Rr Yy Ww ss x Rr Yy Ww ss what are the possible offspring genotypes and at what frequency will they each appear? Show your work. C) What proportion of the offspring of the cross will be blue roses?arrow_forwardTwo pure-breeding lines of petunia plants are crossed. Line 1 plants grow to a height of 54 cm, and Line 2 plants grow to a height of 18 cm. Petunia plant height is controlled by three genes, A, B and C. Line 1 has the genotype A₁A₁B₁B₁C₁C₁, and line 2 has the genotype A2A2B₂B₂C₂C₂. Assume that genotype alone determines plant height under ideal growth conditions and that the alleles of the three genes are additive. If the F1 plants are self crossed, what is the expected proportion of F2 plants with the genotype A₁A₁B₁B₁C₁C₁ 1/8 1/32 1/16 1/4 1/64arrow_forwardIn watermelons, bitter fruit (B) is dominant over sweet fruit (b), and yellow spots (S) are dominant over no spots (s). The genes for these two characteristics assort independently. A homozygous plant that has bitter fruit and yellow spots is crossed with a homozygous plant that has sweet fruit and no spots. The F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2. What will be the phenotypic ratios in the F2? 2. If an F1 plant is backcrossed with the bitter, yellow-spotted parent, what phenotypes and proportions are expected in the offspring? 3. If an F1 plant is backcrossed with the sweet, non-spotted parent, what phenotypes and proportions are expected in the offspring? 4. In cats, curled ears (Cu) result from an allele that is dominant over an allele for normal ears (cu). Black color results from an independently assorting allele (G) that is dominant over an allele for gray (g). A gray cat homozygous for curled ears is mated with a homozygous black cat with normal ears. All the F1…arrow_forward
- Imagine you are crossing two plants that have these two genotypes—Tt and tt. What are the two genotypes of the gametes that the Tt plant can make? What is the one genotype of the gametes that the tt plant can make? Set up a Punnett square to analyze the cross. Does the Punnett square need to have four boxes or just two? If you were crossing a TT plant with a tt plant, how many boxes would be necessary in a Punnett square?arrow_forwardFlower color in petunias is determined by the biochemical pathway shown below: A_ B_ C_ Yellow Orange > Green Blue aa bb Plants of genotype AAbbcc were mated to plants of genotype AaBbCc. Determine the phenotypic ratio expected from this cross and fill in the spaces in the ratio below with whole numbers in lowest form. lf none are expected in a class, then type the number 0 in the space. Yellow: Orange : Green: Bluearrow_forwardThe diagram shows a plant that is heterozygous for two genes. G = yellow; g = green; R = round; r = wrinkled G Four different types of gametes are produced by a heterozygous individual when crossing over occurs, and two different types of gametes are produced when crossing over does not occur. What does this information reveal about crossng over? O Crossing over introduces variety by producing different combinations of alleles. O Crossing over reduces the incidence of DNA and chromosomal mutations. O Crossing over introduces variety in by creating types of genes. O Crossing over maintains the count of genes and the original alleles in both chromosomes. Copyright ©2021 Certica Solutions, Inc. https://encase.te21.com/Assessment/View/fc425cee-df10-4f28-a988-c3calbfa788a/675fd7db-03b1-48af-af8e-f6be62227cd7#arrow_forward
- Consider this cross in pea plants: Tt Rr yy Aa × Tt rr Yy Aa, whereT = tall, t = dwarf, R = round, r = wrinkled, Y = yellow, y = green,A = axial, a = terminal. What is the expected phenotypic outcomeof this cross? Have one group of students solve this problem bymaking one big Punnett square, and have another group solve it bymaking four single-gene Punnett squares and using the multiplication method. Time each other to see who gets done first.arrow_forwardIn corn, two independent, recessive nuclear genes, japonica (j) and iojap (ij), produce variegation (green and white striped leaves). Matings between individuals heterozygous for japonica always produce 3 green:1 striped individuals regardless of how the cross is performed. You have a variegated plant that could be either jj or ijij . What cross can you make to determine the genotype of this plant, and what results do you expect in the F1 generation in each case?arrow_forwardBelow is the linkage map for genes y, sh and c that are in cis arrangement. Interference is 0.4 and the total progeny is 2000. Determine the parentals, SCOI, sco Il, and DC0 products and the estimated number of individuals for each. y-------------sh- 18% 28%arrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College