Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 41, Problem 10TYU
Summary Introduction

To describe:  The fact that acetylcholine has an excitatory effect on skeletal system but an inhibitory effect on cardiac system by the help of a hypothesis.

Introduction: Neural transmission takes place by an efficient system which is nervous system. The information is taken up by the neurons that transmit the information to the brain for interpretation and then responds. The information is described in the form of stimuli that is detected by neural receptors.

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fromthe Brain Stom 33. Acetylcholine (Ach) is the neurotransmitter at the neuro-muscular junction. The motor neuron releases Ach which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to Ach- receptors (called nicotinic-receptors) on the post-synaptic muscle cell. Ach- receptor-blockers keep the Ach from binding to the nicotinic-receptors and therefore, block the action potential from occurring in the muscle-cell. This is the mode of inhibiting and paralyzing the skeletal muscles during surgery. Why might this be useful and necessary? a. without the Ach-receptor blocker the spinal-reflexes would cause the body to respond to the surgeons' knife. b. the ACh-receptor blocker is used to disable the motor cortex c. the ACh-receptor blocker completely inhibits the sympatheticand parasympathetic nervous systems, allowing the medical team to control all fundamental physiologic systems. d. the Ach-receptor blocker is used to disable the sensory cortex. piling the a Somatosons b. Sym ussystom
Exercise 20: The Autonomic Nervous System 6. The following chart states a number of characteristics. Use a check mark to show which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in each. Sympathetic Characteristic Parasympathetic division division Postganglionic axons secrete norepinephrine; adrenergic fibers Postganglionic axons secrete acetylcholine; cholinergic fibers Long preganglionic axon; short postganglionic axon Short preganglionic axon; long postganglionic axon Arises from cranial and sacral nerves Arises from spinal nerves T; through La Normally in control "Fight-or-flight" system Has more specific effects Has rami communicantes Has extensive branching of preganglionic axons shot on moto g stylus (2021) Apr 24, 2022, TS Insert 03 PM F12 PrtSc
1. What could you correctly say about the Bundle of His? a.  Changes in its rhythm of firing would be classified as dromotropic effects b.  Cells within it rely on calcium-induced calcium release c.  Cells within it would participate in inotropic effects d.  Cells within it make force 2. Which of the following is/are true regarding all of the action potentials that we have learned about in class thus far? (Hint - the 3 types are neuronal, ventricular, nodal) a.  They all have the fast inward sodium current that is responsible for initial depolarization b.  They all carry a calcium current c.  They all last over 100ms d.  They all have a repolarizing potassium current e.  All answers are true
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