Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393614008
Author: Clark Spencer Larsen
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 5, Problem 3ER
Summary Introduction
To describe: Why human females achieve puberty, adolescence, and reproductive senescence earlier than human males. Why they are buffered highly against environmental stresses compared to males and also why such features are advantageous.
Introduction: Evolution is a random or non-directional mechanism. Natural selection of a living organism is mainly based on their external environment. However, natural selection act by filtering the gene pool which is more competent.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
In seahorses, males incubate and care for offspring. Thus, the males are more likely to be tied up in reproduction at any point in time relative to females. Which sex do you predict will be the choosey sex in this species and why?
Males -- because fewer are available to mate
Males – because male-male competition is incredibly strong
Females – because sperm are cheap to produce
Female – because the operational sex ratio is biased in their favor
The sperm of chimpanzees have faster swimming speeds than those of gorillas. Based on what you know about sperm competition, what would you predict about differences between these two species in female re-mating frequency and sperm viability?
In chimps, females mate only once and sperm are viable for only a day
In chimps, females mate multiply and sperm live for a long time
In chimps, females mate only one, and sperm live for a long time
In chimps, females mate multiply, and sperm live for only a day
Which of the following sexual traits is…
What is evidence that menopause is an adaptive cooperative trait?
In humans, the presence of reproductive (fertile) grandmothers probably increases the survival rate of their
grandoffspring.
O In killer whales, the presence of reproductive (fertile) grandmothers increases the survival rate of their
grandoffspring.
In both humans and killer whales, the presence of non-reproductive grandmothers probably increases the
survival rate of their grandoffspring.
In humans, the presence of reproductive (fertile) mothers increases the survival rate of their reproductive
grandparents.
The survival and reproduction of young Lazuli buntings (birds) depends on the brightness of their
feathers, which range from dull brown to bright blue. Juvenile birds with dull brown feathers are not
attacked by adult birds and are able to obtain high quality territories and reproduce more. Juvenile birds
with bright blue feathers are more attractive to mates and reproduce more when they become adults.
However, birds with intermediate plumage are often attacked by adults and usually fail to reproduce.
This is an example of what type of selection?
Stabilizing
Directional
Disruptive
Frequency-dependent
Artificial
Chapter 5 Solutions
Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why does natural selection have little effect on senescence? Genes that cause senescence have no variants because they became fixed early in evolutionary history. Low-calorie diets, which may not affect offspring, cause individuals to go through senescence. Reproduction generally occurs before senescence genes begin to produce harmful effects on fitness. Senescence is a result of getting older and is not controlled by genes that can be inherited.arrow_forwardHigh testosterone is often associated with shorter lifespan in mammals. However, you find a new species of mouse in which males live longer than females under field conditions. Which of the possible explanations below would NOT predict this pattern? Male-male competition often injures the participants. Females suffer costs of reproduction caused by the burden of milk production. Males, but not females, provide territorial guarding that improves the survival of their grandchildren. Females enter menopause and stop reproducing at age five, while males can reproduce until death.arrow_forwardTemperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is the method of sex determination in sea turtles. In TSD, temperature experienced during embryonic development determines the sex of the offspring. TSD is only observed in reptiles and teleost fish. The molecular mechanisms are not well understood, but the production of estrogen, which causes female development, seems to be critical. A potential pathway is shown in Figure 1.arrow_forward
- In seahorses, males incubate and care for offspring. Thus, the males are more likely to be tied up in reproduction at any point in time relative to females. Which sex do you predict will be the choosey sex in this species and why? Males -- because fewer are available to mate Males – because male-male competition is incredibly strong Females – because sperm are cheap to produce Female – because the operational sex ratio is biased in their favorarrow_forwardMate guarding is an evolved response to sperm competition. Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) females regularly mate with several males in the same estrous cycle, whereas gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) females almost never do, since they typically live in bands, each controlled by a single, powerful male. How large (as a proportion of body size) should the testes of chimpanzee males be relative to gorilla testes (Harcourt et al. 1981)? If the testes of men are more similar to those of chimpanzees, what would this tell us about the intensity of sperm competition during our evolutionary past? If, on the other hand, human testes resemble those of gorillas, what conclusion is justified? Please don't write from any online source.arrow_forwardWhat are the relative advantages and disadvantages ofsemelparity and iteroparity? In answering, consider iteroparousspecies that have both short and long expected life spans in theirnatural environments.arrow_forward
- How do different types of energy investment by females contribute to the reproductive success of a frog, a chicken, and human? Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. Reset Help embryos have gelatinous coat and lack internal membranes internal fertilization external fertilization embryos have internal membrane invest energy to the protection of their embryos by strong shells invest energy to the gamete production invest energy to the protection of their embryos by internal development Frog Chicken Humanarrow_forwardBecause the reproductive success of female Hanuman langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) is almost certainly lowered when a newly installed male kills their young infants, selection should favor countermeasures against infanticidal males. In this light, why might already pregnant females mate with a new male soon after a takeover even though they are not ovulating? What significance do you attach to the discovery that when mares are impregnated by stallions at stables away from their home locations, they will also copulate repeatedly with the males in their home stables upon their return?arrow_forwardPolygyny is a common mating system in nature. Which one of the following scenarios is LEAST likely to result in a polygynous mating system? Male stalk-eyed flies form leks where receptive females come visit Male Neotropical giant damselfly defend water-filled tree holes, which are the oviposition sites for females. Suitable tree holes for oviposition are rare and females must mate with the resident male in exchange for access to the oviposition sites. Male Bengal tigers defend large territories that contain food sources. Female Bengal tigers visit male territories to mate. The density of the Bengal tiger is extremely low that male tigers rarely encounter more than one female in their lifetime. In the bumblebee-wolf Philanthus bicinctus, females are unreceptive until they finish constructing the long underground burrow as nest sites. Males search for locations containing a number of newly constructed burrows and attempt to control these sites against the intruders. Your cousin Peter…arrow_forward
- In honey bees, males are developed parthenogenetically while workers are developed after sexual reproduction. The workers exhibit more similarity among themselves as compared to the queen. If the workers start giving organism parthenogenetically then the offspring would most likely resemble:arrow_forwardConsider the temperature effect in the sex determination of a turtle species represented in the graph below. 100 What effect would a decrease in temperature below the epivotal temperature have on sex ratios of these turtles? 50 FT MT Temperature Fewer males and females will result. None of the other answers is correct. No difference in the proportion of females to males will result as only colder temperatures will alter the sex ratio in the offspring. More males than females will result. More females than males will result. To Percent female O O O Oarrow_forwardDefine sexual selection and describe an example of intersexual and intrasexual sexual selection in animals. Be sure to detail what trait(s) is/are being sexually selected.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
GCSE Biology - Adaptations #79; Author: Cognito;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tC-u8xcZYSM;License: Standard Youtube License