Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321766182
Author: Thomas Engel, Philip Reid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5.31NP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The molar entropy for L-alanine needs to be detremined at 300 K.
Concept Introduction:
The molar entropy of L-alanine is calculated as follows:
Here,
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
In the first stage of the industrial production of nitric acid, ammonia reacts at high temperature
with oxygen in a reversible, exothermic reaction:
4 NH3(g) + 5 0₂(g)
4 NO(g) + 6 H₂O(g)
a) Predict the sign of the system entropy change in this reaction and explain your answer.
b) Thermochemical data for this reaction are shown below. Use this data to determine the
system entropy change.
NH3(g)
192.3
-45.9
O₂(g)
205.0
0.0
NO(g)
210.7
90.2
H₂O(g)
+188.7
-285.8
Sº / J mol-1 K-1
H₂/kJ mol-¹
c) Use the values in the table to calculate the system standard enthalpy change, AH.
d) Use your answers to (b) and (c) to explain why this reaction is feasible at any temperature.
e) Use your answer to (c) to calculate the surroundings entropy change in J.mol-¹ K-¹ at 298K.
The entropy change of one mole of an ideal monatomic gas, as it is changed from an initial volume Vi and temperature Ti to a final volume Vf and temperature Tf, is given by the equation provided (image).
Give the entropy change that occurs when the gas undergoes an isobaric compression from Vi to Vi /2 in J/K and the entropy change that occurs when the gas undergoes an adiabatic compression from Vi to Vi /2 in J/K.
the probabilities of states of independent systems X and Y are given by tables:
xi
x1
x2
pi
0,3
0,7
yi
y1
y2
pi
0,4
0,6
find the entropy of the combined system (X, Y).
Chapter 5 Solutions
Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
Ch. 5 - Under what conditions is S0 for a spontaneous...Ch. 5 - Why are Sfustion and Svaporization always...Ch. 5 - An ideal gas in thermal contact with the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5CPCh. 5 - You are told that S=0 for a process in which the...Ch. 5 - Under what conditions does the equality S=H/T...Ch. 5 - Is the following statement true or false? If it is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9CPCh. 5 - One Joule of work is done on a system, raising its...
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11CPCh. 5 - An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion into...Ch. 5 - When a saturated solution of a salt is cooled, a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.14CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16CPCh. 5 - Why is the efficiency of a Carnot heat engine the...Ch. 5 - Two vessels of equal volume, pressure and...Ch. 5 - Solid methanol in thermal contact with the...Ch. 5 - Can incandescent lighting be regarded as an...Ch. 5 - The Chalk Point, Maryland, generating station...Ch. 5 - An electrical motor is used to operate a Carnot...Ch. 5 - An air conditioner is a refrigerator with the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5NPCh. 5 - The average heat evolved by the oxidation of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9NPCh. 5 - The maximum theoretical efficiency of an internal...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.17NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.18NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.19NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.20NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.21NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.22NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.26NPCh. 5 - Under anaerobic conditions, glucose is broken down...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.28NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.31NPCh. 5 - Calculate Ssurroundings and Stotal for the...Ch. 5 - A refrigerator is operated by a 0.25-hp...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.34NPCh. 5 - Between C and 100C, the heat capacity of Hg(l) is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.36NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42NPCh. 5 - An ideal gas sample containing 1.75 moles for...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.44NPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45NP
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Define isobaric,isochoric, isenthalpic,and isothermal. Can achangein a gaseous system be isobaric, isochoric,and isothermal at the same time? Why or why not?arrow_forwardConsider an ideal monatomic gas consisting of N atoms. Initially, it is contained in a volume of V. Then, it is allowed to expand isothermally to a volume of 2V. Find the change (a) in entropy, ( b) in Helmholtz energy, (c) in Gibbs free energy.arrow_forwardHalf a mole of a perfect gas expands isothermally and at 298.15 K from a volume of 10 L to avolume of 20 L. (a) What is the change in the entropy of the gas? (b) How much work is doneon the gas? (c) What is the heat of Surroundings ? (d) What is the change in the entropy of the surroundings? (e)What is the change in the entropy of the system plus the surroundings?arrow_forward
- 12. Consider 0.1 mole of a monotomic ideal gas (system) which is initially equilibrated at a tem- perature of 500 K in a container with a volume 1 of 1 m³, and then undergoes a reversible norisothermal expansion to a volume of 2 m³. 200(a) What is the energy change of the gas (in J units)? Seemee axismo (b) How much work is exchanged in the above process (in J units)? emoldong slon Su for (c) What is the entropy change of the gas (in J/K units)? 36 or (d) What is the entropy change of the universe (in J/K units)? (319)arrow_forwardFind the molar entropy of vaporization of hexane (C6H14) given that at Pº=1 bar and T=69.0 ºC 2.52 kJ of heat is required to vaporize 7.53 g of hexanearrow_forwardThe molar heat of combustion, A Hi, of sucrose is -5643.4 kJ mol-1. If 0.250 moles of sucrose is combusted in a heavy walled steel reactor, and the heat released by the reaction is allowed to be absorbed by the surroundings at 16°C, what is the change in entropy of the surroundings? i J/Karrow_forward
- E The Carnot cycle, which is a particular example of a thermodynamic cycle, allows determining the efficiency of a "heat-to-work" engine. Clausius used this to find the macroscopic definition of entropy as the heat change of the system at a particular temperature. Th and T are the high and low qh and q for the heats transferred at these temperatures. When plotted in a T-S temperatures and representation, entropy only changes in the processes (steps) where heat is added or removed. However, when plotting the Carnot cycle in the P-V representation it is clear that work is done (on or by) the system in each of the 4 processes of the cycle. a) Give the names of the 2 processes of the Carnot cycle (an engine) in which the surroundings do work on the system. Indicate the condition(s) of the walls for these processes. b) Consider the microscopic, i.e., Boltzmann's, definition of entropy for an ideal gas. Briefly discuss what needs to be satisfied so that there is no change of entropy during a…arrow_forward(a) In which process is there a greater change in entropy, an isothermal or an adiabatic? Explain your answer. (b) 1 mole of NOz(e) at 1 atmosphere or 1 mole of NO2(g) at 0.05 atmosphere and both are at the same temperature. Which case the entropy is greater and why? (c) Starting from Gibbs's Free energy Equation, get the mathematical equation for the equilibrium temperature. (d) When a pure crystalline substance is at absolute zero temperature, what will happen to its entropy? Write the principle or law that is related to your answer. (e) Give an example of a gas phase reaction, where the entropy in the forward path is negative? Explain how your example gives negative entropy.arrow_forwardIn an exothermic reaction, 460 J of heat is transferred from the reaction vessel to a large bath of water. Calculate the entropy change of the water if the temperature is (a) 273 K and (b) 373 K.arrow_forward
- The heat capacity of trichloromethane in the range 240 K to 330 K is given by the equation: Cp,m (J K-1 mol-1) = 91.47 + 7.5 x 10-2 T. In a particular experiment, 1.00 mol of CHCl3 is heated from to 273 K to 300 K. Calculate the change in molar entropy of the sample. The answer for this is 10.7 J K-1 but i'm not sure howarrow_forwardAnswer the following questions with complete/step-by-step solutions: (Note: The following problems are interconnected to each other.) Problem 1. A quantity of an ideal gas in an isolated system is expanded isothermally and reversibly at 400 degrees Kelvin from a volume V1 to V2. During the expansion the gas absorbs 200 calories of heat from the reservoir in contact with it. Find (a) the entropy change of the gas, (b) the entropy change of the reservoir and (c) the entropy change of the whole system. Problem 2. If the gas in problem 1 is expanded from V1 to V2 isothermally but irreversibly at 400 degrees Kelvin with an absorption of 100 calories of heat, what will be the entropy changes for (a) the gas, (b) the reservoir, (c) the complete system? Problem 3. Suppose the gas in problem 1 expands freely from V1 to V2 at 400 degrees Kelvin. What will be the entropy changes for (a) the gas, (b) the reservoir, and (c) the entire system?arrow_forwardConsider a system consisting of 1.5 mol CO2 (g), initially at 15 C and 9.0 atm and confined to a cylinder of cross-section 100.0 cm², The sample is allowed to expand adiabatically against an external pressure of 1.5 atm until the piston has moved outwards through 15 cm. Assume that carbon dioxide may be considered a perfect gas with Cr,m = 28.8 J K'mol', and calculate (a) q, (b) w, (c) AU, (d) AT, (e) AS.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Physical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
Physical Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133958437
Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,