Concept explainers
A particle of mass m = 1.18 kg is attached between two identical springs on a frictionless, horizontal tabletop. Both springs have spring constant k and are initially unstressed, and the particle is at x = 0. (a) The particle is pulled a distance x along a direction perpendicular to the initial configuration of the springs as shown in Figure P7.50. Show that the force exerted by the springs on the particle is
(b) Show that the potential energy of the system is
(c) Make a plot of U(x) versus x and identify all equilibrium points. Assume L = 1.20 m and k = 40.0 N/m. (d) If the panicle is pulled 0.500 m to the right and then released, what is its speed when it reaches x = 0?
Figure P7.50
(a)
The force exerted by the spring on the particle is
Answer to Problem 7.66CP
The force exerted by the spring on the particle is
Explanation of Solution
The mass of the particle is
The free body diagram of the given case is as shown in the figure below.
Write the expression for the extension in the spring
Here,
Write the expression for the new length after stretching
Here,
Substitute
From the figure (1) the net force in
Write the expression for the net force in
The negative sign is due to the direction of the force in the negative direction.
Here,
From the free body diagram, write the expression for the value of
Write the expression for the formula for the spring force
Substitute
Substitute
Write the expression for the force exerted by the spring on the particle.
Substitute
Conclusion:
Therefore, the force exerted by the spring on the particle is
(b)
The potential energy of the system is
Answer to Problem 7.66CP
The potential energy of the system is
Explanation of Solution
From part (a) the force exerted by the spring on the particle
Write the expression for the potential energy of a system
Conclusion:
Substitute
Therefore, the potential energy of the system is
(c)
The plot of
Answer to Problem 7.66CP
The plot for
Explanation of Solution
The equilibrium points are the points at which the values of the force and the potential energy have the minimum value in order to have higher stability in the system.
Write the expression for the potential energy of the system
Substitute
Thus, the potential energy of the system
The plot
The equilibrium points are the point at the potential energy is zero. In the above plot the minimum potential energy is at
Form the graph the equilibrium point is for
Conclusion:
Therefore, the plot for
(d)
The speed of the particle.
Answer to Problem 7.66CP
The speed of the particle is
Explanation of Solution
The potential energy of the system
Substitute
Thus, the potential energy of the system is
The potential energy is converted in to the kinetic energy to follow the law of conservation of momentum.
Here,
Rearrange the above equation for
Conclusion:
Substitute
Therefore, speed of the particle is
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
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