Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 17RQ
Which order of molecular conversions is correct for the Calvin cycle?
- RuBP + G3P → 3-PGA → sugar
- RuBisCO → CO2 → RuBP → G3P
- RuBP + CO2 → [RuBisCO] 3-PGA → G3P
- CO2 → 3-PGA → RuBP → G3P
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Which of the following lists the stages of the Calvin cycle in order, starting with the stage where carbon dioxide is added?
PGAL synthesis → carbon fixation → light reactions → regeneration of RuBP
carbon fixation → PGAL synthesis → regeneration of RuBP
regeneration of RuBP → carbon fixation → PGAL synthesis
photorespiration → PGAL synthesis → regeneration of RuBP → carbon fixation
How many water molecules have to be split as part of the light reactions to produce
enough ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle to produce one molecule of
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
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DRAW a curved arrow mechanism for photosynthesis with the following steps.
Step 1: Absorption of sunlight and excitation of chlorophyll molecules
Step 2: Transfer of energy to reaction center chlorophylls, which lose an electron and become oxidized.
Step 3: Electron transfer from oxidized chlorophylls to an electron acceptor, such as a quinone molecule
Step 4: Electron transfer from the quinone molecule to a chain of electron carriers, such as cytochromes, which generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane
Step 5: ATP synthesis by ATP synthase using the energy of the proton gradient.
Step 6: Transfer of electrons from the electron carriers to the enzyme rubisco, which catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) with CO2, forming an unstable 6-carbon intermediate.
Step 7: Cleavage of the 6-carbon intermediate into two 3-carbon molecules, which are phosphorylated by ATP and reduced by NADPH to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
Step 8: Conversion of G3P to…
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology 2e
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Ch. 8 - How many photons does it take to fully reduce, one...Ch. 8 - Which complex is not involved in the establishment...Ch. 8 - From which component of the light-dependent...Ch. 8 - Three of the same species of plant are each grown...Ch. 8 - Plants containing only chlorophyll b are exposed...Ch. 8 - Which molecule must enter the Calvin cycle...Ch. 8 - Which order of molecular conversions is correct...Ch. 8 - Where in eukaryotic cells does the Calvin cycle...Ch. 8 - Which statement correctly describes carbon...Ch. 8 - If four molecules of carbon dioxide enter the...Ch. 8 - What is the overall outcome of the light reactions...Ch. 8 - Why are carnivores, such as lions, dependent on...Ch. 8 - Why are energy carriers thought of as either...Ch. 8 - Describe how the grey wolf population would be...Ch. 8 - How does the closing of the stomata limit...Ch. 8 - Describe the pathway of electi on transfer from...Ch. 8 - What are the roles of ATP and NADPH in...Ch. 8 - How and why would the end products of...Ch. 8 - Why is the third stage of the Calvin cycle called...Ch. 8 - Which part of the light-independent reactions...Ch. 8 - Why does it take three turns of the Calvin cycle...Ch. 8 - Imagine a sealed terrarium containing a plant and...Ch. 8 - Compare the flow of energy with the flow of,...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which two products of the light-dependent reactions are used up in the Calvin cycle? Rubisco adds a CO2 molecule to a sugar that contains _______ carbons. The reaction product immediately splits into two sugars that each contain _______ carbons. O2 can compete with CO2 for a place in the rubisco active site. As a consequenceO2 is incorporated into RuBP instead of CO2. Why might this be a disadvantage?arrow_forwardWhat are the stages of the Calvin-Benson cycle? Select all that apply. The resulting unstable six-carbon molecule splits into two three-carbon molecules of PGA. ATP and NADPH are used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL. Most of the PGAL is used to regenerate RuBP, but some is exported to the cytoplasm to produce carbohydrates. Rubisco attaches CO2 to a five-carbon organic compound called RuBP. Rubisco is used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL.arrow_forwardWhat happens during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-indepedent reactions)? Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose) Oxygen is produced through this process The remaining G3P molecules that have exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue. The enzyme Rubisco attaches to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglyceratearrow_forward
- 1) When a leaf on an oak tree absorbs 15,440 photons, how many glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules can be produced by the Calvin cycle? b)When a leaf on an oak tree absorbs 15,440 photons, how many glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules can be produced by the Calvin cycle?arrow_forwardWhich of the following scenarios does not occur during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle? Hide answer choices Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the addition of two electrons from NADPH. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into Ribulose bisphosphate. Some of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used in carbohydrate production.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true of photosynthesis? Light-excited electrons in chlorophyll provide the energy for ATP production The light-independent (“dark”) reaction makes glucose from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, using energy trapped by the light-dependent reaction The light-dependent reaction captures electrons in NADPH, which are used for glucose synthesis in the light-independent (“dark”) reaction The light-independent (“dark”) reaction converts light energy to chemical energy stored in ATP None of the other four answers (all are true of photosynthesis)arrow_forward
- In the Calvin cycle, what is the name of the enzyme that attaches a molecule of carbon dioxide to the 5-carbon molecule called ribulose bisphosphate? Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Ribulose bisphosphate oxygenase Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, also known as RuBisCO 3-PGA carboxylasearrow_forwardWhich among the following statements is INCORRECT? The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which forms a six-carbon molecule that breaks down into two 3PG molecules. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which is a reaction assisted by large quantities of RuBP carboxylase enzyme. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which decreases cell carbon dioxide levels, which increases the diffusion gradient. The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which immediately becomes a six-carbon sugar that is the base for starch, sucrose, cellulose, etc.arrow_forwardFor each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase can be used more than once. Calvin cycle can be organized into 3 basic stages. During the stage, the enzyme catalyze the fixation of by ribulose biphosphate. For each CO2 and RuBP, two molecules of get formed. During the phase, and are used to convert 6 molecules of 3-PGA into G3P. During the phase, one molecule of G3P leaves the Calvin cycle to contribute to the formation of other compounds needed by the plant. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P regenerate . This enables the system to fix more . 3-phosphoglycerate NADPH fixation ATP pyruvate reduction…arrow_forward
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