Chapter 8.9, Problem 8.42YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given concentration of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$, the concentration of ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ has to be calculated and the solution has to be classified as acidic, neutral or basic.

Concept Introduction:

The relation between protons and hydroxide ions in any aqueous solution is shown here:

$\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]=1\times {10}^{-14}$

From this expression, the concentration of both protons and hydroxide ions can be calculated as shown here:

$\begin{array}{c}\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]=1\times {10}^{-14}\\ \left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]=\frac{1\times {10}^{-14}}{\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]}\\ \left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]=\frac{1\times {10}^{-14}}{\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]}\end{array}$

Classification of acidic, neutral or basic solution:

A solution can be classified as acidic, basic or neutral based on the concentrations of both hydroxide ions and protons as discussed here:

• If the concentration of proton is larger than the concentration of hydroxide ion then the solution is acidic.
• If the concentration of hydroxide ion is larger than the concentration of proton then the solution is basic.
• If the concentrations of both proton and hydroxide ion are equal then the solution is neutral.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given concentration of ${\text{OH}}^{-}$, the concentration of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ has to be calculated and the solution has to be classified as acidic, neutral or basic.

Concept Introduction:

The relation between protons and hydroxide ions in any aqueous solution is shown here:

$\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]=1\times {10}^{-14}$

From this expression, the concentration of both protons and hydroxide ions can be calculated as shown here:

$\begin{array}{c}\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]=1\times {10}^{-14}\\ \left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]=\frac{1\times {10}^{-14}}{\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]}\\ \left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]=\frac{1\times {10}^{-14}}{\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]}\end{array}$

Classification of acidic, neutral or basic solution:

A solution can be classified as acidic, basic or neutral based on the concentrations of both hydroxide ions and protons as discussed here:

• If the concentration of proton is larger than the concentration of hydroxide ion then the solution is acidic.
• If the concentration of hydroxide ion is larger than the concentration of proton then the solution is basic.
• If the concentrations of both proton and hydroxide ion are equal then the solution is neutral.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given concentration of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$, the concentration of ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ has to be calculated and the solution has to be classified as acidic, neutral or basic.

Concept Introduction:

The relation between protons and hydroxide ions in any aqueous solution is shown here:

$\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]=1\times {10}^{-14}$

From this expression, the concentration of both protons and hydroxide ions can be calculated as shown here:

$\begin{array}{c}\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]=1\times {10}^{-14}\\ \left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]=\frac{1\times {10}^{-14}}{\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]}\\ \left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]=\frac{1\times {10}^{-14}}{\left[{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}\right]}\end{array}$

Classification of acidic, neutral or basic solution:

A solution can be classified as acidic, basic or neutral based on the concentrations of both hydroxide ions and protons as discussed here:

• If the concentration of proton is larger than the concentration of hydroxide ion then the solution is acidic.
• If the concentration of hydroxide ion is larger than the concentration of proton then the solution is basic.
• If the concentrations of both proton and hydroxide ion are equal then the solution is neutral.