The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding. Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1.1CS

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother has a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Her feed concentration was increased up to 26 kcal per oz. Due to the suspected gastroesophageal reflex, the feed volume was decreased and feeding concentration was increased up to 28 kcal per oz. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months of corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months of age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

Nutrition and infant feeding plays a key role in growth, neurodevelopment, conditioning, and survival of neonates for long-term health. The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding are as follows:

• Breast milk of mother or donor is needed to be fortified to meet the nutritional need of very and extremely preterm baby.
• Certain gastrointestinal conditions of neonates such as decreased gut motility, gastrointestinal reflux, and impaired absorption interferes with feeding preterm infants.
• The coordination of suck-swallow-breathe pattern in preterm infants does not occur until 32-34 weeks of postmenstrual age. So different feeding methods like gavage feeding are selected until they achieve successful bottle or breast feeding.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother have a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age her she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth are as follows:

• Preterm birth causes decreased feeding and slower nutritional uptake, which in turn leads to the slower growth rate of preterm infants.
• The growth would be slower but should be steady increase. The growth charts should be used to access the growth rates of infants.

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Case Study: Premature Birth in an At-Risk Family Erica is a former 27-week female, birthweight 1.14 kg, and birth length 38.0 cm; her weight, length, and head circumference measurements were appropriate for age. She was born to a 32-year-old woman with hypercholesterolemia and a pre-pregnant BMI of 18. This was her second pregnancy; she and her husband also have an 20-month-old daughter. Respiratory support and parenteral feeds of amino acids and dextrose were initiated on the day of delivery. The day after birth, small volumes of mother’s own breast milk were introduced via orogastric tube but were discontinued because of suspected intolerance. Breast milk was reintroduced three days later and Erica’s mother had a very good milk supply. There were multiple occurrences of abdominal distension and periods when enteral feeds were put on hold. Erica’s tolerance to fortified breast milk feeds slowly improved, and fortified feeds of breast milk were initiated at 18 days of age. Erica…

Boy Andriyko, 9 months old child, is at a routine check-up. Andriyko was born from 1 pregnancy, 1 delivery with a body weight of 2800 g, body length of 48 cm. In 1 month the child's weight was 3400 g, body length - 51 cm. At 2 months - 4200 g, body length was 54 cm. At this age, Andriyko suffered an intestinal infection and was hospitalized. In 4 months the child's weight was 5100 g, body length - 59 cm. At 5 months, the child's weight was 5700 g, body length - 61 cm. At 6 months, the weight is 6500 g, the body length is 63 cm. At 7 months, the child's weight was 7200 g, body length - 65 cm. Give an assessment of the child's physical development with World Health Organization using these charts .

case analysis A male infant was born with a birth weight of 1320 g to a 21-year-old mother. Initial newborn physical examination was consistent with 28 weeks gestation. The infant appeared phenotypically normal but he had significant cyanosis with decreased muscle tone and poor respiratory effort. He required resuscitation and was placed on ventilatory support. Questions on the picture.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1.1CS

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother has a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Her feed concentration was increased up to 26 kcal per oz. Due to the suspected gastroesophageal reflex, the feed volume was decreased and feeding concentration was increased up to 28 kcal per oz. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months of corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months of age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

Nutrition and infant feeding plays a key role in growth, neurodevelopment, conditioning, and survival of neonates for long-term health. The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding are as follows:

• Breast milk of mother or donor is needed to be fortified to meet the nutritional need of very and extremely preterm baby.
• Certain gastrointestinal conditions of neonates such as decreased gut motility, gastrointestinal reflux, and impaired absorption interferes with feeding preterm infants.
• The coordination of suck-swallow-breathe pattern in preterm infants does not occur until 32-34 weeks of postmenstrual age. So different feeding methods like gavage feeding are selected until they achieve successful bottle or breast feeding.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother have a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age her she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth are as follows:

• Preterm birth causes decreased feeding and slower nutritional uptake, which in turn leads to the slower growth rate of preterm infants.
• The growth would be slower but should be steady increase. The growth charts should be used to access the growth rates of infants.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1.1CS

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother has a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Her feed concentration was increased up to 26 kcal per oz. Due to the suspected gastroesophageal reflex, the feed volume was decreased and feeding concentration was increased up to 28 kcal per oz. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months of corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months of age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

Nutrition and infant feeding plays a key role in growth, neurodevelopment, conditioning, and survival of neonates for long-term health. The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding are as follows:

• Breast milk of mother or donor is needed to be fortified to meet the nutritional need of very and extremely preterm baby.
• Certain gastrointestinal conditions of neonates such as decreased gut motility, gastrointestinal reflux, and impaired absorption interferes with feeding preterm infants.
• The coordination of suck-swallow-breathe pattern in preterm infants does not occur until 32-34 weeks of postmenstrual age. So different feeding methods like gavage feeding are selected until they achieve successful bottle or breast feeding.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother have a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age her she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth are as follows:

• Preterm birth causes decreased feeding and slower nutritional uptake, which in turn leads to the slower growth rate of preterm infants.
• The growth would be slower but should be steady increase. The growth charts should be used to access the growth rates of infants.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1.1CS

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother has a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Her feed concentration was increased up to 26 kcal per oz. Due to the suspected gastroesophageal reflex, the feed volume was decreased and feeding concentration was increased up to 28 kcal per oz. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months of corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months of age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

Nutrition and infant feeding plays a key role in growth, neurodevelopment, conditioning, and survival of neonates for long-term health. The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding are as follows:

• Breast milk of mother or donor is needed to be fortified to meet the nutritional need of very and extremely preterm baby.
• Certain gastrointestinal conditions of neonates such as decreased gut motility, gastrointestinal reflux, and impaired absorption interferes with feeding preterm infants.
• The coordination of suck-swallow-breathe pattern in preterm infants does not occur until 32-34 weeks of postmenstrual age. So different feeding methods like gavage feeding are selected until they achieve successful bottle or breast feeding.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother have a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age her she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth are as follows:

• Preterm birth causes decreased feeding and slower nutritional uptake, which in turn leads to the slower growth rate of preterm infants.
• The growth would be slower but should be steady increase. The growth charts should be used to access the growth rates of infants.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 1.1CS

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother has a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Her feed concentration was increased up to 26 kcal per oz. Due to the suspected gastroesophageal reflex, the feed volume was decreased and feeding concentration was increased up to 28 kcal per oz. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months of corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months of age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

Nutrition and infant feeding plays a key role in growth, neurodevelopment, conditioning, and survival of neonates for long-term health. The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding are as follows:

• Breast milk of mother or donor is needed to be fortified to meet the nutritional need of very and extremely preterm baby.
• Certain gastrointestinal conditions of neonates such as decreased gut motility, gastrointestinal reflux, and impaired absorption interferes with feeding preterm infants.
• The coordination of suck-swallow-breathe pattern in preterm infants does not occur until 32-34 weeks of postmenstrual age. So different feeding methods like gavage feeding are selected until they achieve successful bottle or breast feeding.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother have a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age her she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth are as follows:

• Preterm birth causes decreased feeding and slower nutritional uptake, which in turn leads to the slower growth rate of preterm infants.
• The growth would be slower but should be steady increase. The growth charts should be used to access the growth rates of infants.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 1.1CS

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother has a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Her feed concentration was increased up to 26 kcal per oz. Due to the suspected gastroesophageal reflex, the feed volume was decreased and feeding concentration was increased up to 28 kcal per oz. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months of corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months of age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

Nutrition and infant feeding plays a key role in growth, neurodevelopment, conditioning, and survival of neonates for long-term health. The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding are as follows:

• Breast milk of mother or donor is needed to be fortified to meet the nutritional need of very and extremely preterm baby.
• Certain gastrointestinal conditions of neonates such as decreased gut motility, gastrointestinal reflux, and impaired absorption interferes with feeding preterm infants.
• The coordination of suck-swallow-breathe pattern in preterm infants does not occur until 32-34 weeks of postmenstrual age. So different feeding methods like gavage feeding are selected until they achieve successful bottle or breast feeding.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 1.1CS

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother has a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Her feed concentration was increased up to 26 kcal per oz. Due to the suspected gastroesophageal reflex, the feed volume was decreased and feeding concentration was increased up to 28 kcal per oz. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months of corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months of age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

Nutrition and infant feeding plays a key role in growth, neurodevelopment, conditioning, and survival of neonates for long-term health. The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her nutrition and feeding are as follows:

• Breast milk of mother or donor is needed to be fortified to meet the nutritional need of very and extremely preterm baby.
• Certain gastrointestinal conditions of neonates such as decreased gut motility, gastrointestinal reflux, and impaired absorption interferes with feeding preterm infants.
• The coordination of suck-swallow-breathe pattern in preterm infants does not occur until 32-34 weeks of postmenstrual age. So different feeding methods like gavage feeding are selected until they achieve successful bottle or breast feeding.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother have a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age her she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth are as follows:

• Preterm birth causes decreased feeding and slower nutritional uptake, which in turn leads to the slower growth rate of preterm infants.
• The growth would be slower but should be steady increase. The growth charts should be used to access the growth rates of infants.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth.

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth of infants before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The preterm birth can be subcategorized based on gestational age such as extremely preterm (> than 28 weeks), very preterm birth (28-32 weeks), moderate-late (32-37 weeks). Preterm birth occurs due to multiple pregnancies, chronic conditions, and infections.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Person E is a former 27-week female infant, weighed 1.14 kg, birth length 38 cm, and other body measurement were appropriate for age. Her mother was 32-year-old women with pre-pregnant BMI of 18 and hypercholesterolemia. Person E’s mother have a 20-month-old daughter and this was her second pregnancy.

Because of Person E’s preterm birth, medical assistance was given to her including respiratory support, parenteral feeds on the day of delivery. It was followed by breast milk supply through orogastric tube which was discontinued due to suspected intolerance. She received blood transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. Her mom continued to provide breast milk and her weight and length increased progressively. Around 37^th week, she was bottle feeding and breast feeding well and milk supply was continued. For her development for corrected age, she was enrolled in Early Intervention Program. At six months corrected age, complementary foods were introduced and at nine months of corrected age her she transitioned off to exclusive feeds of breast milk and breast feeding. At 15 months age, her corrected age was 12 months with all her growth measurements above 50^th percentile for corrected age.

The effects of preterm birth of Person E on her growth are as follows:

• Preterm birth causes decreased feeding and slower nutritional uptake, which in turn leads to the slower growth rate of preterm infants.
• The growth would be slower but should be steady increase. The growth charts should be used to access the growth rates of infants.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Ch. 9 - Prob. 1.1CS Ch. 9 - Prob. 1.2CS Ch. 9 - Prob. 1.3CS Ch. 9 - Prob. 2.1CS Ch. 9 - Prob. 2.2CS Ch. 9 - Prob. 2.3CS Ch. 9 - Prob. 2.4CS Ch. 9 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 3RQ

Concept explainers

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 9 Solutions