Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 19RQ
A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his culture of cells. Which hypothesis could explain why the cells fail to die?
- The cells have a mutation that prevents the initiation of apoptosis signaling.
- The cells have lost expression of the receptor for the apoptosis-inducing ligand.
- The cells overexpress a growth factor pathway that inhibits apoptosis.
- All of the above.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
A cell begins to undergo apoptosis due to stress. Which of the following are true about this cell? (select all that apply)
The cell can exit apoptosis if the stressful factor is removed
The cell has high levels of p53.
The cell's DNA will inevitably degrade
The cell may undergo mitosis before completing apoptosis
Upon learning about the mechanism of apoptosis, the question asked was; Is
cytochrome c being released from mitochondria or is it being expressed by an
induced nuclear gene and being produced in the cytosol. Which one of the
following observations would provide the best evidence that it was being released
from the mitochondria?
Bcl2 blocks release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and also inhibits
apoptosis
Active Fas receptors trigger release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.
Extracellular signals that block apoptosis do not produce cytosolic cytochrome c
Caspase inhibitors block release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria
How is apoptosis involved in cancer? Describe the role of apoptosis in cancer and identify what molecules are involved. Cite your references.
asap.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Swimmers and athletes during competition need to go through certain postures at the beginning of the race. Cons...
College Physics
QUANTITATIVE Punnett Squares as Genetic Tools. The genetic characters of seed color (where Y is the allele for ...
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
What type of cut would separate the brain into anterior and posterior parts?
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Match each of the following items with all the terms it applies to:
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
1. ___ Mitosis 2. ___ Meiosis 3. __ Homologous chromosomes 4. __ Crossing over 5. __ Cytokinesis A. Cytoplasmic...
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (4th Edition)
17. Anthropologists are interested in locating areas in Africa where fossils 4-8 million years old might be fou...
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical chemotherapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying this insensitivity uncovered an ability by these cells to pump the treatment drug out of the cell against its concentration gradient. Additional drugs have been developed that inhibit the pump, thus trapping the chemotherapeutic agent inside to promote cancer cell destruction. The Figure shows what happens when two types of cells are treated with a 3H-labeled anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel. Two additional drugs, imatinib and nilotinib, are evaluated for their ability to overcome the cancer cells ability to pump out the chemotherapeutic agent. An asterisk (*) indicates a statistically significant difference from the cells receiving paclitaxel alone. Do the additional drugs seem to the effective in over-coming the pump? Which set of graphs (A or B) best supports your answer? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardPredict the effects of the following mutations on the ability of a cell to undergo apoptosis:a. Mutation in Bad such that it cannot be phosphorylated by protein kinase B (PKB)b. Overexpression of Bcl-2c. Mutation in Bax such that it cannot form homodimersOne common characteristic of cancer cells is a loss of function in the apoptotic pathway. Which of the mutations listed above might you expect to find in some cancer cells?arrow_forwardRAS is a signal transducer that acts as a switch for turning on cell division. Drag the descriptions below to their proper places on the figure to show the sequence of events. When growth factor binds to the receptor, the intracellular domain activates RAS by facilitating exchange of GDP for GTP. When no growth factor is bound to the extracellular receptor, RAS is bound to GDP and is inactive. RAS activates the first of three sequential kinase proteins termed the MAP kinase cascade. Cell proliferation proceeds as the machinery for cell division is set in motion. The end result of the MAP kinase cascade is activation of a transcription factor. Receptor 1 Ras GDP 2 4 5 Growth factor Ras GTParrow_forward
- TNF and Fas ligand bind cell-surface receptors to trigger cell death. Although the death signal is generated external to the cell, why do we consider the death induced by these molecules to be apoptotic rather than necrotic?arrow_forwardThe Bax gene, codes for a cytosolic protein that plays an important role in apoptosis. Growth factor withdrawal stimulates the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Which of the following are true for the Bax gene? Select all that apply The Bax gene is a proto-oncogene The Bax gene is a tumor suppressor gene In cancer or transformed cells, the Bax gene mutation would be dominant, and a gain of function mutation In cancer or transformed cells, the Bax gene mutation would be recessive, and a loss of function mutationarrow_forwardCancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes, which lead to overexpression of the genes, and other mutations are in tumor suppressor genes, which lead to under expression or no expression in these genes. Which kinds of gene mutations would RNA interference (RNAi) be better at treating? Explain.arrow_forward
- Identify which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. Apoptosis occurs as the body produces certain enzymes that initiate degradation of nuclear and cytoplasmic material, breaking the cell into necrosis bodies. b. Apoptosis helps maintain a healthy and normal population of cells. c. Apoptosis plays an essential role in growth, immune surveillance, and embryological development.arrow_forwardYou are studying the function of Bax as a positive regulator of apoptosis. You've engineered a version of the Bax protein that is functional, but is mislocalized to the plasma membrane rather than the mitochondria. You expect that this will block the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. When you activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, you are surprised to find that the cells still die. You then do a cell fractionation experiment and verify that Bax is. indeed being sent to the plasma membrane, rather than the mitochondria. In one sentence, what is the most likely hypothesis for what is happening?arrow_forwardThe best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of cell that became cancerous to give rise to the tumor. For some tumors that have colonized a distant location (metastasized), identifying the parental cell type can be difficult. Because the type of IF protein expressed is cell-type-specific, using monoclonal antibodies that react with only one type of IF protein can help in this identification. What IF proteins would you produce monoclonal antibodies against to identify (a) a sarcoma of muscle cell origin, (b) an epithelial cell carcinoma, and (c) an astrocytoma (glial cell tumor)?arrow_forward
- The frog Xenopus laevis has often served as a model system for the study of apoptosis. Can you think of some reasons that frogs are particularly good models for the study of apoptosis?arrow_forwardWhich of the following drugs would directly target the ability of cancer cells to evade cell growth suppressors? (evading the growth suppressor hallmark) Anti-inflammatory drugs VEGF signaling inhibitors Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors Telomerase inhibitorsarrow_forward"In the cellular regulatory pathways that control cell growth and proliferation, the products of oncogenes are stimulatory components and the products of tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory components" is true or false.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
An Introduction to the Human Genome | HMX Genetics; Author: Harvard University;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEJp7B6u_dY;License: Standard Youtube License