How Scientists Can Most Efficiently Complete Organ Printing Essay

Like a tooth, the patient would need custom grooves so that they have a proper bite. For hearts the issues are how they can be very different and have complex valves and chambers (“Ahmed”), bioprinting allows fast production of heart valves that can be made to the exact needs of the patient to function as a healthy heart would. It also allows bone tissue to be produced to recreate bone marrow; which is a life-threatening organ to extract from the human body (“Ahmed”). Customization even gives bioprinting a future in cosmetic surgery; outward appearance means more than we would like to admit in our society, kids are sometimes born with physical defects to the face, serious burn accidents can affect someone's appearance, like everyone we all have are insecurities, or things that we wish we could change about ourselves. Imagined being able to select a image of a man or woman on the internet and have your face made to look exactly like them. People could take pictures of their face as a teenager and have the 3dprinting surgery as an adult achieve a younger looking

Tissue engineering is an emerging interdisciplinary field that uses principles from engineering, biology and chemistry in an effort towards tissue regeneration. The main draw of tissue engineering is the regeneration of a patient’s own tissues and organs free from low biofunctionality and poor biocompatibility and serious immune rejection. As medical care continues to improve and life expectancy continues to grow, organ shortages become more problematic.(Manufacturing living things) According to organdonor.gov, a patient is added to the waiting list every 10 minutes and an average of 18 people die everyday waiting for an organ donation. The “nirvana” of tissue engineering is to replace the need for organ donation altogether. This could be achieved using scaffolding from

There are two methods of cloning organs. One is by injecting a growth factor into the wound site, causing the patient's own cells to migrate and regenerate. The other method is to harvest donor cells and pack them into a three-dimensional polymer scaffold, which is molded into the desired shape. These cells replicate and then can be transplanted into a recipient. The polymer breaks down as the cells form into the shape desired. These organs are called neo-organs. While this may sound like something straight out of a science fiction film, like Dolly, neo-organs are already a reality. All over the United States, grown skin is being used to treat everything from burn victims to skin cancer patients. Also, machines containing cloned liver cells are being used to filter blood until a transplant can be found. Cartilage, because of it's relatively simple structure, seems likely to be the next step. Larger organs will take

Doctors and engineers have been working on another way to get organs a faster and more efficient way. Using 3D printers can help with their problem. They have worked on using a 3D printer to make organs that are a perfect match for patients. This can be very useful it can get an organ ready in a short amount of time helping the patient recovery faster as well. Organ transplants are hard to come by. One you have to be put in a waiting list, and people are usually on that list for a long while, just waiting for a perfect match to come. But sometimes it takes to long and some people die while still on the waiting list. But when an organ finally does come they feel bad because someone had to die in order for them to use it. So Dr Ali Khademhosseini is trying to use 3D printing to help solve this problem. His theory is he can make organs from a 3D printer, which can make the waiting list decrease faster and have people not have to die in order for a perfect match. 3D printers have been used to make Human cells, tissue, and blood vessels. But making something like a heart is much more difficult. Because you have to make the beating and pumps. (Mesley). There have been problems in the past that have just know started to show in some people. "Viruses aren't the only worry, and here too the past may serve as a guide. In 1956 injections of human growth hormone became a standard therapy for children failing to develop properly. The hormone was extracted from

Stem Cells On average 20 people die each day waiting for a transplant. Which is a problem that our people deal with on a daily basis. This fact has a solution in which we can help and provide people with new organs. The solution are stem cells that are artificially created in order to replace damaged organs.

Thump, thump… thump, thump… thump, thump. That is the sound of Nature’s most perfect machine, the human heart. It epitomizes the idea of natural engineering through its complexity and contribution to the vessel that holds it. But, can it be synthesized by the species that possesses and depends upon it? With the emerging 3D printing technology in the field of regenerative medicine, the answer may very well be yes. However, a question to consider before humanity embarks on this endeavour: do the life-saving advantages outweigh the various disadvantages?

In the future, the technology will be widely accepted since it can be used to create complete organ, to test newly developed drugs on manufactured cells instead of animals and human cell, to imprint cells directly onto a human body, thus reducing the wait time for organ transplantation, and save time and cost associated with drug research. An absolutely favorable position of customized organs is designing organs utilizing a patient 's own particular cells. With this methodology, there would be no issues with dismissal, and patients wouldn 't need to take the powerful anti-rejection medications that are presently required (Cooper-White, 2015). According to the Organovo company, the formation of a suitable liver is a crunch second for the bio-printing and drug industry since it demonstrates 3D printed tissue can be preserved successfully for a sufficient time to test the impacts of medications on it or insert it in a human body where it can further mature (Mearian,2013).

 Many transplant candidates die while waiting for an organ, whether it be a heart, lung, kidney or liver.  Yes, it is true that thousands of people are saved each year by organ transplantation, yet even more die each year waiting while their organs shut down.  "In perhaps the most dramatic example, the American Heart Association reports that only 2,300 of 40,000 Americans who needed a new heart in 1997 got one." (Mikos and Mooney 2).  The new strategy which seems promising is the development of what Dr. David J. Mooney of the University of Michigan and Dr. Antonios G. Mikos of the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston call "neo-organs." (3).  In one aspiring procedure, the patient receives cells that have been harvested previously and comprised into 3-dimensional molds of biodegradable polymers, such as those used to make dissolvable

As today’s technology is changing, some of the most major effects of it are superior advances in the medical field. One advance in the medical field is tissue engineering. It is being developed for use in regenerative medicine and soon to be in wider use for other treatments. Tissue engineering’s goal for the future is for the medicine to be able to stimulate other cells around the damage area of the body to get them to grow and produce living tissue (Sciencedaily). Another medical advancement is the monitoring systems and how hospitals can better track for problems and signs of an emergency. This can also help the surgeons decide how to stitch up a patient for best recovery time (Sciencedaily). As technology keeps progressing, another medical advancement is the way surgeons are doing operations. Today, for complex surgeries, surgeons now will get help from the use of a robot for accurate procedures; this will help with the size of the incision and keep the recovery time shorter than during standard surgery.

The number of patients requiring a lifesaving transplant constantly over-exceeds the number of organs available for donations and Regenerative Medicine has the potential ability to solve this shortage problem.

When you have to print the nerves, it’s on a microscopic level and they are between all the tissues of the different body parts and organs. This means the whole body has to be printed at once, but the cells die off if they’re not kept cool. The body you just made, would start decomposing almost immediately. Not only the nerves are hard to print, the veins are too. Just like the nerves, the veins run through your whole body. You can miss neither of these systems, because one transmits the information to and from the brain, making you able to feel and move, and the other moves the blood through your body, transporting oxygen to your organs so they won’t die and take away the waste

While the bioprinting of organs has a common use, the development of the organ varies significantly between numerous techniques. Allografts are tissue donations from a donor, autografts are tissues from the patient 's body being moved to where they are needed, and xenografts are tissues from an animal. Whilst autografts are more common, they have limited use in terms of organ transplantation. When a patient needs a new lung or a kidney, it is because the lungs or kidneys they have are not working properly and in these cases autografts are not viable. The main types of allografts are transplanted organs. It is in this category that bioprinting offers major advances to what modern medical science has been working with.

Organ shortages prove to be one of today’s most major health crises and has become a driving force for advancement in transplant medicine. There are nowhere near enough living and deceased organ donors combined to meet the demand of needed organ transplants. As a result, molecular and cell biologists are pushing to explore new areas in regenerative medicine. The alternative to tissue and organ shortage is cell transplantation and tissue engineering, which leads to the cloning and creation of human tissues and whole organs. Organ cloning holds the most promise of providing more organs, and in turn, reducing the number of lives that are lost due to the shortage of organ donors.

Anthony Atala, in his 2011 Ted Talk, Printing a Human Kidney, tells of printing a bladder. He explains that they use a small piece of the patients original bladder. They then print a scaffold and let the cells grow on the scaffolding in an “oven like device” that has the “same conditions as the human body -- 37 degrees centigrade, 95 percent oxygen” Weeks later, the organ has grown and it is ready to be placed in the patient. Atala explains that “For these specific patients, we actually just suture these materials. We use three-dimensional imagining analysis, but we actually created these biomaterials by hand.”Luke Massella, a patient who received a 3D printed organ because he was born with spina bifida that prevented his bladder and kidneys

Lately, there is an emerging innovation whereby organs are created to form and increase in size by a process of inorganic accretion, from the patient’s cell. This field of medicine is known as the regenerative medicine. In addition to this, there are basically various types of regenerative medical