A 48 year-old woman with diabetic nephropathy was suffering from end-stage renal disease. They received a kidney transplant 3 months ago and renal function is now considered normal. Since the transplant, their anti-rejection medication regime involves 20mg prednisolone once a day.What test results might be expected when considering the impact of prednisolone on the body? Select ALL that apply [3 marks]- hyperlipemia -increased plasma ACTH - increased plasma cortisol - hyperkalaemia -hyponatremia -anaemia -decreased plasma 11-deoxycortisol
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A 48 year-old woman with diabetic nephropathy was suffering from end-stage renal disease. They received a kidney transplant 3 months ago and renal function is now considered normal. Since the transplant, their anti-rejection medication regime involves 20mg prednisolone once a day.
What test results might be expected when considering the impact of prednisolone on the body?
Select ALL that apply [3 marks]
- hyperlipemia
-increased plasma ACTH
- increased plasma cortisol
- hyperkalaemia
-hyponatremia
-anaemia
-decreased plasma 11-deoxycortisol
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- A 10-week-old child was admitted to hospital suffering from a salt wasting crisis. Ultrasound scans of the patient's adrenal glands revealed they were enlarged but all other major organs appeared to be within normal parameters. Although the child appeared phenotypically female, karyotyping showed the child to be 46XY. Blood tests revealed the following biochemical profile: - sodium of 109 (reference range: 134-147) - potassium of 6.1 (reference range: 3.5-5.0) - pregnenolone of 0.002 (reference range: 0.3-1.5) - renin activity of 38 (reference range: 0.5-3.5) - 17-OH pregnenolone of 0.01 (reference range: 6.8-93.5) - ACTH of 1960 (reference range: <26) Additional testing showed an accumulation of cholesterol esters in the adrenal glands, and it was also noted that the concentrations of ∆4-androstenedione were barely detectable. Genetic analysis of all the enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis did not detect any detrimental mutations affecting their functionality. Treatment…Why is beta blocker not used for patients with renal disease? Please explain at your own words.a 54 year old man develops vomiting and diarrhea over a 24 hour period. his serum sodium concentration is 140 mEq/L. Intravenous infusion of isotonic saline is initiated . which of the following changes and intracellular and extracellular fluid volume is most likely to result from this infusion a ICF volume : decreased , ECF decreased b. ICF volume :increased , ECF decreased c. ICF volume : increased , ECF. increased d. ICF volume : increased , ECF. no change e. ICF volume : no change , ECF increased
- A steady increase in the excretion of sodium and chlorine ions causes the insufficiency of one hormone. What is the name of this hormone? Describe manifestations which appear at insufficiency or redundancy of these ions. Explain. 2. The patient was diagnosed with hypernatremia, hypokalemia, increased osmotic blood pressure, edema. a) What pathology occurs in the patient? b) Violation of the secretion of which hormone is observed in this pathology? Name its chemical nature c) Specify the mechanism of action of the hormone"Flurazepam, Zaleplon, Zolpidem, Lemborexant, Ramelteon, Doxepin, Trazodone"- Among these drugs, are dose adjustment require in moderate to severe hepatic impairment or renal impairment? Please answer at your own easy words.A two-month old child was admitted to hospital after failure to thrive. The “boy”, whose external genitalia were ambiguous, was found to have elevated blood pressure, but no dehydration. The following measurements were made on a plasma sample taken on admission: Variable Result Reference Range Urea (mM) 6.2 2.5 - 7.0 Creatinine (μ�M) 95 60 - 120 Glucose (mM) 4.3 3.5 - 5.5. (fasting) Na+ (mM) 170 134 -147 K+ (mM) 2.8 3.5 - 5.0 11 -deoxycortisol (nM) 57 <10 Deoxycorticosterone (nM) 1.3 <0.4 Cortisol (nM) 22 138 - 690 Testosterone (nM) 7.4 0.5 -3.2 (adult female) 5 - 40 (adult male) The concentrations of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and ∆4-androstenedione were also increased above the reference range. A chromosome analysis showed that the child was a genotypic female (46, XX karyotype). A consultant obstetrician initially diagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia, however they were confused by the…
- Erthy is given an intravenous antibiotic (gentamicin) at a dose of 7 mg/kg per day for a period of 7 days. This dose will be assessed after a week and adjusted accordingly. The gentamicin will be administered in 87 mL of Normal Saline (NS) over a time period of 20 minutes. Please answer the following questions: How much will Erthy be getting per day in mg based on this order? How much volume of the gentamicin (in mL) should be added to the IV bag; the concentration of gentamicin is 10 mg per mL. By including the volume of the gentamicin solution added to the IV bag (i.e. the volume of the bag will be 87 mL plus the volume of the gentamicin solution), calculate the IV flow rate for this infusion in both mL/min and mL/hr.A70-year-old woman with a long history of systemic lupus erythematosus has been receiving prednisone for the past 3 months. She also has been receiving captopril to treat her hypertension. Which of the following laboratory results would be evident in this patient? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? a. Hyperglycemia b. Hyponatremia c. Hypercalcemia d. Hypocholesterolemia e. HypokalemiaAll of the following is CORRECT regards serum alpha-1 antitrypsin, EXCEPT * A. can inhibit functions of proteases B. is increased in acute inflammation C. when increases, chronic breakdown of lung tissue increases, leading to pulmonary emphysema D. is synthesised by the liver E. None of the above
- In the presence of probenecid, the filtration rate of penicillin is significantly reduced, leading to lower clearance rates for penicillin and a sustained therapeutic effect. True False 2. Substances that are actively secreted into the tubular lumen may have clearance rates that exceed GFR. True FalseGiven the following scenarios, describe whether the dialysis bags would gain, lose or stay the same in weight. a. 15 mL of 20% sucrose was added to a dialysis tubing bag and then weighed. The dialysis tubing bag is only permeable to water. It was then placed into a beaker containing distilled water for one hour. The weight of the bag was then measured. Did the dialysis tubing bag gain, lose or stay the same weight? Explain your reasoning. b. 15 mL of 40% sucrose was added to a dialysis tubing bag and then weighed. The dialysis tubing bag is only permeable to water. It was then placed into a beaker containing distilled water for one hour. The weight of the bag was then measured. Did the dialysis tubing bag gain, lose or stay the same weight? Explain your reasoning. c.15 mL of 60% sucrose was added to a dialysis tubing bag and then weighted. The dialysis tubing bag is only permeable to water. It was then placed into a beaker containing distilled water for one hour. The weight of the bag…Erthy is given an intravenous antibiotic (gentamicin) at a dose of 7 mg/kg per day for a period of 7 days. This dose will be assessed after a week and adjusted accordingly. The gentamicin will be administered in 87 mL of Normal Saline (NS) over a time period of 20 minutes. Please answer the following questions: a. How much will Erthy be getting per day in mg based on this order?b. How much volume of the gentamicin (in mL) should be added to the IV bag; the concentration of gentamicin is 10 mg per mL.