A characteristic of complex III is that it is reduced by FADH2. participates in electron transfer when the donor is NADH but not when the donor is FADH2. uses the Q cycle mechanism to oxidize ubiquinone. transports electrons from cytochrome c to complex IV.
Q: ----------------------the simplest lipids but they may be a part of or a source of many complex…
A: Lipids are a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that have two things in common: low…
Q: The pancreas is an organ of mixed secretion. Endocrinely, beta-cells produce the hormone insulin,…
A: Pancreas has 3 types of cells: α cells secrete glucagon β cells secrete insulin δ cells secrete…
Q: What is the function of CTAB being added to the cell culture before performing the enzyme induction…
A: Cell culture is the propagation of cells by providing a controlled physiological and physicochemical…
Q: Studies of the inner mitochondrial membrane reveal its composition to be approximately 20% lipid…
A: ATP is the energy currency that the cell spends on metabolic transactions. Mitochondria is the site…
Q: The term that refers to the light-dependent process in plants in which O₂ is consumed and CO₂ is…
A: Plants need energy to perform the functions that keep them alive, just like all other living…
Q: Describe the biochemical mechanism by which RNA splicing occurs precisely at the exon-intron borders…
A: One notable difference between prokaryotic genes and eukaryotic genes is that prokaryotic genes do…
Q: 4. Why does DNA use Thymine instead of Uracil?
A: DNA is the type of nucleic acid, double stranded poly-nucleotide chain which work as the genetic…
Q: What is the name of this cofactor related to niacin? 0 O-P :0 U -ро OH -CH₂ Н Н OH NH₂ OH Н OH 2+…
A: Niacin is also known as vitamin B3. It is also known as nicotinic acid. It is a water soluble…
Q: a) What structural aspect of these 18-carbon fatty acids can be correlated with the melting point?…
A: Fatty acids are important micromolecules which combine together to form lipids in plants, animals…
Q: 1. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that forms the antibiotic fragment lactoferricin…
A: Ammonium sulphate is the commonly used salt for protein precipitation and extraction. Under high…
Q: Identify (1) the group where the lipid belongs, and (2) determine whether the lipid is saponifiable…
A: Lipids are a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that have two things in common: low…
Q: Which of the following interactions would be seen between the R-groups of His and Gln at pH 8?…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group and a carboxyl group linked to the same carbon…
Q: Which of the following is CORRECT?
A: In the reaction of Glycolysis, the △G values of the three irreversible reactions are : Glucose +…
Q: catabolic pathway - draw the complete electron transport chain for myristate
A: Myristate is 14 carbon saturated fatty acid molecule (molecular formula of CH3(CH2)12COOH), a…
Q: Which of the following substances derived from lipid catabolism serves as a precursor for glucose…
A: Triglycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol. Three fatty acids are esterified to a single…
Q: When an inhibitor blocks a step in electron transport, all of the following are true except that Oa.…
A: ETC consist of four protein complexes called Complex I, II, III and IV that transport electron…
Q: In an enzyme mechanism that generates a negative charge in the transition state, which of the…
A: When a substrate(S) binds to the active site of an enzyme(E), it leads to the formation of an ES…
Q: potential is 140 mu, what Apt must be to maintain a proton motive force to 1.5 ATP from FADHZ? If…
A: Proton motive force (∆p) is the force developed through the proton pump which generates…
Q: What percentage of Vmax is obtained when the substrate is present at 80% of the KM? Use two digits…
A: Vmax is the maximum velocity attained by an enzyme during a reaction. Km is the substrate…
Q: Considering that regulation most often occurs at irreversible steps in a biochemical pathway, which…
A: Enzymes are usually protein molecules which catalyze several biochemical reactions in our body…
Q: The activated donor molecule for glycogen synthesis is UDP-glucose. O True O False
A: While glucose serves as the main source of energy, complex (i.e., more than single-celled) organisms…
Q: 1. Classification, structure and properties of higher fatty acids, their biological role.
A: Lipids are a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that have two things in common: low…
Q: Q10.1: Answer the following three-part question. a) Calculate the ΔEº’ for the citrate cycle…
A: Converting malate to oxaloacetate: The regeneration of oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle is…
Q: 3..° i We seem to be constantly chasing the latest great oil to use for cooking and currently…
A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…
Q: Mannose is the C-2 epimer of glucose. Altrose is the C-3 epimer of mannose. Which of the following…
A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They can be classified as monosaccharides,…
Q: An animal cell is capable of converting alanine into serine. What is the shortest pathway using…
A: Amino acids are classically considered the building blocks for the synthesis of proteins. The unique…
Q: Discuss how each denatures protein.
A: Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are bound together by peptide linkage. Amino acids…
Q: Finally, using the formula to convert between standard states, show that that your calculated values…
A: Chemical standard state is defined by standard conditions in chemical systems. These standard…
Q: Compare the molecular property of amino acids and their roles in protein folding.
A: There are 20 general proteogenic amino acids (amino acids that are often found in proteins). These…
Q: Use a schematic diagram to briefly summarize the steps taken during the separation, isolation, and…
A: Milk is the secretion of fluid from the mammary gland, the full cream milk is composed of ~54.5%…
Q: The catalytic efficiency of many enzymes depends on pH. Chymotrypsin, which has a well-known…
A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…
Q: Efficascent Oil liniment formulation
A: Efficascent Oil liniments are oils that are topically applied to relieve muscle pain, joint pain,…
Q: Polypeptides are continuously synthesized and broken down within living systems. One of these…
A: A protein is a chain of amino acids which can be called a polypeptide. The polypeptide chain folds…
Q: 1. What mRNA sequence does the following DNA template sequence produce? DNA…
A: As per the central dogma of molecular biology, genetic information is stored in the DNA. The genetic…
Q: Indicate the total number of ATPs produced in each of the following oxidation reactions from 5 moles…
A: In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the end product (pyruvate) is…
Q: true/ false: When proteins are denatured 1°, 2°, 3°, and 4° structure is lost.
A: Denaturation is a process in which proteins lose their original structure or confirmation. The loss…
Q: Why is RNA splicing important to cellular processes and protein synthesis?
A: As per the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA contains the information needed to synthesize…
Q: Arrange the following in the order they appear in electron transport. a. FAD, coenzyme Q, cytochrome…
A: Electron transport chain is a series of protein and organic molecules located in the inner membrane…
Q: 4. Which of the following mutations would most likely keep the transitions of T state to R state in…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have a carboxyl group, an amino group and a side group linked to…
Q: 4. Peculiarities of hormonal regulation of glycogen metabolism in muscles and liver.
A: The glycogen synthesis mainly occurs in the muscle, and liver, using glucose-6-phosphate. The…
Q: Symport and antiport proteins must be active transport proteins A)True B)False
A: The biological membranes are selectively permeable. Transport across the biological membrane can be…
Q: Muscle glycogen phosphorylase, an enzyme that provides glucose to the muscle for energy production,…
A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…
Q: What do you call the test used to detect the presence of protein in saliva?
A: Proteins are high molecular weight biomolecules. They are polymers of amino acid residues linked to…
Q: QUESTION 10 You are creating a set of Daphnia mutation accumulation (MA) lines to determine…
A: The accumulation of data on the genomic bases of adaptation has reignited interest in adaptation…
Q: 4. If a non-science person asks you what protein folding is and how the concept is related to…
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that increases the rate of biochemical reactions. Most enzymes that…
Q: VII. Draw the structure of melezitose (either in Haworth or in conformer): a-D-glucopvranosyl-…
A: Melezitose is a trisaccharide made up of α-D glucose (1,3)-β-D-Fructose (2,1)-α-D-Glucose. Inorder…
Q: 1) Gluconeogenesis refers to ________. A) the breakdown of glycogen B) the formation of glucose from…
A: Generally, glucose is the preferred source of energy in our body. But of we are not eating properly…
Q: Name the components of products used in treating diarrhea and give the functions of each.
A: The term "gastrointestinal agents" refers to a broad category of medications used to treat…
Q: A. Effect of Enzyme Concentration Table 1. Effect of Catalase Concentration on Enzyme Activity…
A: "Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- You experiementally apply the compund antimyctin, which inhinits the functioning of complex III, cytochrome reductase, from participating in redox reactions. You follow this with the addition of 6 molecules of FADH2. How many total ATP molecules can be created using the number of protons that were pumped?Which of the following statements concerning the complete oxidation of FADH2 in the electron transport chain is NOT true? a. In the final step, electrons from cytochrome c to O2 reducing it to H2O in complex IV, and four protons are transported from the intermembrane space to the matrix. b. In the first step, electrons from FADH2 are transferred in complex II to ubiquinone, which does not transport any proton across the inner mitochondrion membrane. c. In the second step, complex III transfers the electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c, and four protons are transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space. d. The complete oxidation of FADH2 causes transfer of 6 protons and yields two ATP.Which of the following is TRUE about cytochrome c protein? As a part of the ETC chain, it changes conformation to allow H+ ions to flow out of the matrix. It is found on the surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane and, therefore, contains start-transfer and/or stop-transfer sequences. With assistance from Bax, it can move out of the mitochondria and into the cytosol. It is considered a symporter because it is involved in electron transport. It is able to puncture holes in the plasma membrane to initiate apoptosis.
- Carbon monoxide is considered toxic because it acts on Complex IV. How would the addition of carbon monoxide to actively respiring mitochondria affect the relative oxidation-reduction states of all components of the electron-transport chain? Complexes I and I would be reduced, but complexes II and IV would be oxidized because the electrons come from FADH2 oxidation, not NADH. O All four complexes would remain oxidized because they function as a multisystem complex. O Complexes I, II, and I would be reduced and Complex IV would be oxidized. All four complexes would remain reduced because they function as a multisystem complex Complexes I, II, and ill would be oxidized but Complex IV would remain reduced.In complex II in the electron transport chain electrons from coenzyme QH2 is transferred to cytochrome C. True or FalseDuring the FADH2 electron transport chain, the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space through complexes CoQ/III, and IV the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space through complexes I, CoQ/III, and IV the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space through complexes I, CoQ/II, and IV the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the outer mitochondrial membrane through complexes I, III, and IV
- In complex I in the electron transport chain electrons from FADH2 are transferred to cytochrome C. True or FalsePer NADH consumed by Complex I, indicate the number for each, AS those reducing equivalents flow through the electron transport chain. In other words, if "XYZ" molecule gets reduced at one step and then re-oxidized at the next step, that would count as 1 XYZ reduced. Think Total not Net. a)Total # of Cytochrome C proteins reduced b)Total # of H+ pumped across membrane c)Total # of H2O producedIn the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics resultsindicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioneddiseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of theelectron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance
- Shown in the figure, is a portion of the electron transport chain pathway, in which electrons are transferred from NADH to O2, the energy of this reaction is coupled to the pumping of H+. Drug X can pick up electrons from specific intermediates as shown in the figure. You treat cells carrying out respiration with a saturating dose of drug X, so that all the electrons which would normally continue in the pathway are captured by drug X. What would you expect in these cells? Select all that apply. 4 Drug X e- A NADH + H+ Electron transport H₂O e- Proton pumping 0₂ NAD+ H* (space A) H* (space B) The cells continue to produce carbon dioxide The cells do not produce carbon dioxide Rate of ATP synthesis decreases compared to normal Rate of ATP synthesis increases compared to normalReferring to the figure below, explain why NADH yields more ATP than FADH2 does. Electron-transport and proton pump Oxidative phosphorylation Outer mitochondrial membrane H* -Intermembrane H+ H+ H+ space H* H+ H+ Cytochrome c H+ COQH, CoQ UU COQH2 CoQ JU U Inner mitochondrial membrane Ht e ATPase Complex II Complex II Complex IV Complex e ADP +P - Mitochondrial matrix NADH NAD+ FADH2 FAD АТР H+ -H+ H+ H20The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)
