Consider a defect in MIG12 that prevents the binding of this protein to acetyl-CoA carboxylase. How does this defect impact the production of ketone bodies? Increased ketone bodies. Decreased ketone bodies. No effect. A new five-carbon ketone body forms.
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- Describe beta-oxidation of FFA, substrates, products, and regulation. Describe ketogenesis, substrates, products, and regulation. Describe the process of fatty acid biosynthesis (de novo synthesis), substrates, products, and regulation. Describe the importance of the 2 essential FAs and what important PUFAs they are substrates for. Describe the general process of lipogenesis (TAG synthesis) and how it is regulated. Where do the TAG substrates come from? Describe the function and regulation of lipoprotein lipase. Describe the process of lipolysis, including the 3 lipases necessary, and how it is regulated. Describe how each of the products of lipolysis are utilized (and where). Simple to the point answers please!State the steps of ketone body formation, starting with two acetyl CoA. Please make sure to state all the enzymes and co-factors for each reaction.In which tissue/s the biosynthesis of ketone bodies takes place? Write down the points where it deviates from cholesterol biosynthesis.
- Arrange (1-15) the following statements based on their order from lipogenesis, lipolysis, beta-oxidation to ketogenesis. Acetoacetic acid is converted to β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone Acetyl CoA is transported with oxaloacetate to the cytosol as citrate Palmitic acid is separated from the complex Creation of carbonyl group in the β-carbon Fuelling the different tissues, ketone bodies are transported to the blood Glyceraldehyde-3-PO4 is produced from the conversion of glycerol Unsaturation of the α & β-carbons of the FA chain Acetyl CoA is converted to acetoacetic acid Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate are produced from citrate Hydolysis of the double bond in the FA acid chain Malonyl CoA is produced from CO2 fixation of acetyl CoA Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs Cycle Separation of the two-carbon product from the fatty acyl CoA Malonyl CoA is converted to saturated FA complexed with protein TG is hydrolyzed to FA and glycerol. Describe the β-oxidation of the fatty acid palmitatePart A Match the following. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Note: not all labels will be used. Reset Help compounds produced when there is little or no carbohydrate metabolism and a subsequent increase in fat metabolism a carrier of electrons to the site of ATP ketone bodies transaminated amino acid production, from oxidation reactions involving carbon-carbon double bonds FAD lipoproteins formed from triacylglycerols and protein chylomicrons an amino acid that is not synthesized in the body B oxidation a major step in fatty acid degradation essential amino acid
- What is the difference between? HMG CoA in cholesterol biosynthesis and in ketone bodies synthesis Citrate shuttle and carnitine shuttle Type I familial hyperchylomicronemia and Type II A hypercholesterolemiaCompare and contrast the following items related to lipid metabolism. Cite their main similarities/or differences. 1. Dehydrogenase enzyme vs. dehydratase enzyme(in context of lipid metabolism). 2. Steroid hormones vs. prostaglandins (in terms of their biosynthetic pathways). 3. Fatty acid synthase complex vs. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE about ketogenesis? I. It is favored during a low carbohydrate, high fat diet II. Acetoacetate is not soluble in water. Group of answer choices: -Only II is correct. -Both I and II are correct. -Neither I nor II is correct. -Only I is correct.
- . Glucagon secretion causes inhibition of intracellular acetyl-CoA car- boxylase activity by several mechanisms. Name all you can think of.Part A Identify each of the following metabolic pathways. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Reset Help the conversion of fatty acids to 2-carbon units of acetyl CoA ketogenesis the conversion of an amino acid to an a-keto transamination acid the combination of 2-carbon units of acetyl COA to form fatty acids oxidative deamination the removal of an amino group as NH4+ from B oxidation glutamate to yield a-ketoglutarate lipogenesis the production of ketone bodiesWhat is(are) the only active site(s) not used in the second round of fatty acid synthase? Select all that apply. Acetyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Synthase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Dehydrase Palmitoyl thioesterase Malonyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Enoyl-ACP Reductase