Concept explainers
High-low, regression. May Blackwell is the new manager of the materials storeroom for Clayton Manufacturing. May has been asked to estimate future monthly purchase costs for part #696, used in two of Clayton’s products. May has purchase cost and quantity data for the past 9 months as follows:
Manufacturing. May has been asked to estimate future monthly purchase costs for part #696, used in two of Clayton’s products. May has purchase cost and quantity data for the past 9 months as follows:
Month | Cost of Purchase | Quantity Purchased |
January | $12,675 | 2,710 parts |
February | 13,000 | 2,810 |
March | 17,653 | 4,153 |
April | 15,825 | 3,756 |
May | 13,125 | 2,912 |
June | 13,814 | 3,387 |
July | 15,300 | 3,622 |
August | 10,233 | 2,298 |
September | 14,950 | 3,562 |
Estimated monthly purchases for this part based on expected demand of the two products for the rest of the year are as follows:
Month | Purchase Quantity Expected |
October | 3,340 parts |
November | 3,710 |
December | 3,040 |
- 1. The computer in May’s office is down, and May has been asked to immediately provide an equation to estimate the future purchase cost for part #696. May grabs a calculator and uses the high-low method to estimate a cost equation. What equation does she get?
Required
- 2. Using the equation from requirement 1, calculate the future expected purchase costs for each of the last 3 months of the year.
- 3. After a few hours May’s computer is fixed. May uses the first 9 months of data and regression analysis to estimate the relationship between the quantity purchased and purchase costs of part #696. The regression line May obtains is as follows:
Evaluate the regression line using the criteria of economic plausibility, goodness of fit, and significance of the independent variable. Compare the regression equation to the equation based on the high-low method. Which is a better fit? Why?
- 4. Use the regression results to calculate the expected purchase costs for October, November, and December. Compare the expected purchase costs to the expected purchase costs calculated using the high-low method in requirement 2. Comment on your results.
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Horngren's Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis (16th Edition)
- The managerial accountant at Organic Beverage Factory used spreadsheet software to run a regression analysis scenario and compile the following monthly cost data: Organic Beverage Factory Intercept coefficient X Variable 1 Coefficient $4,286,652 $28.21 R-square 0.6521 Which of the following is the correct cost equation showing the correlation of monthly costs, based on the results of the regression analysis compiled by the managerial accountant? O A. y $4,286,652 $28.21 O B. y $0.6521 $28.21x O C. y $28.21x + $4,286,652 O D. y 0.6521x + $4,286,652arrow_forwardEstimating a cost function, high-low method. Lacy Dallas is examining customer-service costs in the southern region of Camilla Products. Camilla Products has more than 200 separate electrical products that are sold with a 6-month guarantee of full repair or replacement with a new product. When a product is returned by a customer, a service report is prepared. This service report includes details of the problem and the time and cost of resolving the problem. Weekly data for the most recent 8-week period are as follows:arrow_forwardUsing the information in the previous exercises about Marleys Manufacturing, determine the operating income for department B, assuming department A sold department B 1,000 units during the month and department A reduces the selling price to the market price.arrow_forward
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- Big Mikes, a large hardware store, has gathered data on its overhead activities and associated costs for the past 10 months. Nizam Sanjay, a member of the controllers department, believes that overhead activities and costs should be classified into groups that have the same driver. He has decided that unloading incoming goods, counting goods, and inspecting goods can be grouped together as a more general receiving activity, since these three activities are all driven by the number of receiving orders. The 10 months of data shown below have been gathered for the receiving activity. Required: 1. Prepare a scattergraph, plotting the receiving costs against the number of purchase orders. Use the vertical axis for costs and the horizontal axis for orders. 2. Select two points that make the best fit, and compute a cost formula for receiving costs. 3. Using the high-low method, prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity. 4. Using the method of least squares, prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity. What is the coefficient of determination?arrow_forwardCorazon Manufacturing Company has a purchasing department staffed by five purchasing agents. Each agent is paid 28,000 per year and is able to process 4,000 purchase orders. Last year, 17,800 purchase orders were processed by the five agents. Required: 1. Calculate the activity rate per purchase order. 2. Calculate, in terms of purchase orders, the: a. total activity availability b. unused capacity 3. Calculate the dollar cost of: a. total activity availability b. unused capacity 4. Express total activity availability in terms of activity capacity used and unused capacity. 5. What if one of the purchasing agents agreed to work half time for 14,000? How many purchase orders could be processed by four and a half purchasing agents? What would unused capacity be in purchase orders?arrow_forwardThe president of a small manufacturing firm is concerned about the continual increase in manufacturing costs over the past several years. The following figures provide a time series of the cost per unit for the firms leading product over the past eight years: a. Construct a time series plot. What type of pattern exists in the data? b. Use simple linear regression analysis to find the parameters for the line that minimizes MSE for this time series. c. What is the average cost increase that the firm has been realizing per year? d. Compute an estimate of the cost/unit for next year.arrow_forward
- Method of Least Squares, Predicting Cost for Different Time Periods from the One Used to Develop a Cost Formula Refer to the information for Farnsworth Company on the previous page. However, assume that Tracy has used the method of least squares on the receiving data and has gotten the following results: Required: 1. Using the results from the method of least squares, prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity. 2. Using the formula from Requirement 1, what is the predicted cost of receiving for a month in which 1,450 receiving orders are processed? (Note: Round your answer to the nearest dollar.) 3. Prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity for a quarter. Based on this formula, what is the predicted cost of receiving for a quarter in which 4,650 receiving orders are anticipated? Prepare a cost formula for the receiving activity for a year. Based on this formula, what is the predicted cost of receiving for a year in which 18,000 receiving orders are anticipated?arrow_forwardJensen Tire Auto is deciding whether to purchase a maintenance contract for its new computer wheel alignment and balancing machine. Managers feel that maintenance expense should be related to usage, and they collected the following information on weekly usage (hours) and annual maintenance expense (in hundreds of dollars). a. Develop a scatter chart with weekly usage hours as the independent variable. What does the scatter chart indicate about the relationship between weekly usage and annual maintenance expense? b. Use the data to develop an estimated regression equation that could be used to predict the annual maintenance expense for a given number of hours of weekly usage. What is the estimated regression model? c. Test whether each of the regression parameters 0 and 1 is equal to zero at a 0.05 level of significance. What are the correct interpretations of the estimated regression parameters? Are these interpretations reasonable? d. How much of the variation in the sample values of annual maintenance expense does the model you estimated in part (b) explain? e. If the maintenance contract costs 3,000 per year, would you recommend purchasing it? Why or why not?arrow_forwardThe controller for Dohini Manufacturing Company felt that the number of purchase orders alone did not explain the monthly purchasing cost. He knew that nonstandard orders (for example, one requiring an overseas supplier) took more time and effort. He collected data on the number of nonstandard orders for the past 12 months and added that information to the data on purchasing cost and total number of purchase orders. Multiple regression was run on the above data; the coefficients shown by the regression program are: Required: 1. Construct the cost formula for the purchasing activity showing the fixed cost and the variable rate. 2. If Dohini Manufacturing Company estimates that next month will have 430 total purchase orders and 45 nonstandard orders, what is the total estimated purchasing cost for that month? (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.) 3. What if Dohini Manufacturing wants to estimate purchasing cost for the coming year and expects 5,340 purchase orders and 580 nonstandard orders? What will estimated total purchasing cost be? What is the total fixed purchasing cost? Why doesnt it equal the fixed cost calculated in Requirement 2? (Round your answers to the nearest dollar.)arrow_forward
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