Suppose that you had two marked polarizers (i.e., their directions of polarization are marked).
Predict how you should orient the polarizers with respect to one another so that the light transmitted through the polarizers would have (1) minimum intensity or (2) minimum intensity. Discuss your reasoning with your partners and then check your predictions.
When two polarizers are oriented with respect to each other such that the light transmitted through them has minimum intensity, the polarizers are said to be crossed.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 11 Solutions
Tutorials in Introductory Physics
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
The Cosmic Perspective
University Physics Volume 1
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
- Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with the plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left on the first disk with intensity Ii = 10.7 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity, If, when θ1 = 19.6o. Do not enter units. Calculate the transmitted intensity, If, when θ2 = 39.4o. Do not enter units. Calculate the transmitted intensity, If, when θ3 = 61.2o. Do not enter units.arrow_forwardThree polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity I; = 15.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity If when 0₁ = 15.0°, 0₂ = 35.0°, and 03: 65.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law. If = 1.6773 X units I; 0₁ 02 03arrow_forwardThree polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with the plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity = 15.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity I, when ₁ = 19.0°, ₂ = 45.0°, and 3 = 61.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law.arrow_forward
- Suppose you have unpolarized light incident on polarizer A. Polarizer B is placed after polarizer A, so that no light passes through polarizer B. Where would you place a third polarizer (polarizer C), and how would you orient it relative to polarizer A, so that some light does pass through polarizer B?arrow_forwardThree polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity Ii = 15.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity If when ?1 = 19.0°, ?2 = 45.0°, and ?3 = 57.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law.If = ______ unitsarrow_forwardWhat fraction of light (unpolarized) passes through a perfect polarizer? Explain why your answer makes sense. Now we add a second polarizer with its axis inclined at an angle of 22 degrees relative to the first. What fraction of light incident on the second polarizer passes through? What fraction of light entering the first polarizer emerges from the second? Explain why this makes sense.arrow_forward
- Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity Ii = 14.5 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity If when ?1 = 18.0°, ?2 = 46.0°, and ?3 = 66.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law. An arrow passes through three disks arranged in a row, with the faces of the disks perpendicular to the arrow. Before the arrow reaches the disks, it is labeled Ii. Each disk is labeled with an angle measured clockwise from the vertical. The first disk that the arrow passes through has angle ?1, the second disk has angle ?2, and the third disk has angle ?3. After the arrow exits the three disks, it is labeled If.arrow_forwardThree polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity Ii = 14.5 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity If when ?1 = 18.0°, ?2 = 46.0°, and ?3 = 66.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law. An arrow passes through three disks arranged in a row, with the faces of the disks perpendicular to the arrow. Before the arrow reaches the disks, it is labeled Ii. Each disk is labeled with an angle measured clockwise from the vertical. The first disk that the arrow passes through has angle ?1, the second disk has angle ?2, and the third disk has angle ?3. After the arrow exits the three disks, it is labeled If. Step 1 When linearly polarized light of incident intensity I0…arrow_forwardThree polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity I, = 13.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity I, when 8, 15.0°, 0,= 45.0°, and 83=57.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law. I₁ = units 4, 8₁arrow_forward
- Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity Ii = 15.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity If when ?1 = 17.0°,?2 = 39.0°, and ?3 = 61.0°. Make repeated use of Malus's law.If = answer in units An arrow passes through three disks arranged in a row, with the faces of the disks perpendicular to the arrow. Before the arrow reaches the disks, it is labeled Ii. Each disk is labeled with an angle measured clockwise from the vertical. The first disk that the arrow passes through has angle ?1, the second disk has angle ?2, and the third disk has angle ?3. After the arrow exits the three disks, it is labeled If.arrow_forwardThree polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity Ii = 11.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity If when ?1 = 19.0°, ?2 = 39.0°, and ?3 = 57.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law.arrow_forwardWhat are the properties of an EM wave? Be sure to answer the following questions: What is it made up of? How are the parts related to one another? What type of wave is it (transverse or longitudinal) and why? Does an EM wave require a medium? If so, then what medium is required for an EM wave? Then list the various types of EM waves in order of increasing frequency. Include a diagram of the EM wave that illustrates your answers and also include the direction of propagation (or the Poynting vector) for the EM wave in your diagram.arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning