Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 41GQ
Sketch a phase diagram for O2 from the following information: normal boiling point, 90.18 K; normal melting point, 54.8 K; and triple point, 54.34 K at a pressure of 2 mm Hg. Very roughly estimate the vapor pressure of liquid O2 at −196 °C, the lowest temperature easily reached in the laboratory. Is the density of liquid O2 greater or less than that of solid O2?
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 12.1 - (a) Determining an Atom Radius from Lattice...Ch. 12.2 - If an ionic solid has an fcc lattice of anions (X)...Ch. 12.2 - Potassium chloride has the same unit cell as NaCl....Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.1ACPCh. 12.6 - Describe the unit cell of lithium (see Figure).Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.3ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1.4ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.1ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.2ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.3ACP
Ch. 12.6 - How many tin atoms are contained in the tetragonal...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 3.2ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3.3ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3.4ACPCh. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - A portion of the crystalline lattice for potassium...Ch. 12 - The unit cell of silicon carbide, SiC, is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5PSCh. 12 - Rutile, TiO2, crystallizes in a structure...Ch. 12 - Cuprite is a semiconductor. Oxide ions are at the...Ch. 12 - The mineral fluorite, which is composed of calcium...Ch. 12 - Calcium metal crystallizes in a face-centered...Ch. 12 - The density of copper metal is 8.95 g/cm3. If the...Ch. 12 - Potassium iodide has a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - A unit cell of cesium chloride is illustrated in...Ch. 12 - Predict the trend in lattice energy, from least...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14PSCh. 12 - To melt an ionic solid, energy must be supplied to...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each of the following pairs...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17PSCh. 12 - Prob. 18PSCh. 12 - Considering only the molecular orbitals formed by...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20PSCh. 12 - Prob. 21PSCh. 12 - Prob. 22PSCh. 12 - Prob. 23PSCh. 12 - Prob. 24PSCh. 12 - Prob. 25PSCh. 12 - Prob. 26PSCh. 12 - Prob. 27PSCh. 12 - Prob. 28PSCh. 12 - A diamond unit cell is shown here. Unit cell of...Ch. 12 - The structure of graphite is given in Figure...Ch. 12 - We have identified six types of solids (metallic,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32PSCh. 12 - Classify each of the following materials as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 34PSCh. 12 - Benzene, C6H6, is an organic liquid that freezes...Ch. 12 - The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.235 J/g ...Ch. 12 - Prob. 37PSCh. 12 - Prob. 38PSCh. 12 - Prob. 39PSCh. 12 - If your air conditioner is more than several years...Ch. 12 - Sketch a phase diagram for O2 from the following...Ch. 12 - Tungsten crystallizes in the unit cell shown here....Ch. 12 - Silver crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - The unit cell shown here is for calcium carbide....Ch. 12 - The very dense metal iridium has a face-centered...Ch. 12 - Vanadium metal has a density of 6.11 g/cm3....Ch. 12 - Prob. 47GQCh. 12 - Prob. 48GQCh. 12 - Prob. 49GQCh. 12 - Consider the three types of cubic units cells. (a)...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon is shown...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon carbide is...Ch. 12 - Spinels are solids with the general formula AB2O4...Ch. 12 - Using the thermochemical data below and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 55GQCh. 12 - Prob. 56GQCh. 12 - Prob. 57GQCh. 12 - Prob. 58GQCh. 12 - Prob. 59GQCh. 12 - Prob. 60GQCh. 12 - Like ZnS, lead(II) sulfide, PbS (commonly called...Ch. 12 - CaTiO3, a perovskite, has the structure below. (a)...Ch. 12 - Potassium bromide has the same lattice structure...Ch. 12 - Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2 using a...Ch. 12 - Why is it not possible for a salt with the formula...Ch. 12 - Prob. 67SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 68SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 69SCQCh. 12 - Phase diagrams for materials that have allotropes...
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- The normal boiling point of SO2 is 263.1 K and that of NH3 is 239.7 K. At −40 °C, would you predict that ammonia has a vapor pressure greater than, less than, or equal to that of sulfur dioxide? Explain.arrow_forwardArrange the following substances in order of increasing strength of crystal forces: CO2, KCl, H2O, N2, CaO.arrow_forwardFor the carbon and nitrogen family hydrides, we have the following boiling points: Carbon Family,C Nitrogen Family,C CH4, 164 NH3, 33 SiH4, 112 PH3, 88 GeH4, 88 AsH3, 55 SnH4, 52 SbH3, 17 Account for the following: a The general trend in the boiling points of the binary hydrides. b The unusual boiling point of ammonia. c The observation that the nitrogen family hydrides have boiling points that are notably higher than those of the carbon family.arrow_forward
- Use thermodynamic data to calculate the vapor pressure (in kPa) of HNO3 at 25°Carrow_forwardIf you place 30.0 L of hexane (C6H14) in a sealed room that is 3.75 m long, 2 m wide, and 3 m high, will all the hexane evaporate? If some liquid remains, how much will there be? The vapor pressure of hexane is 152 torr at 25 °C, and the density of the liquid at this temperature is 0.655 g/mL. Treat the room dimensions as exact numbers.arrow_forwardExplain the phase diagram of CaO-MgO.arrow_forward
- CO2 sublimes at -78 °C. SiO2 melts at 1705 °C and boils at 2477 °C. Why is there such a large difference between the melting and boiling point of SiO2 and the sublimation point of CO2?arrow_forwardExplain (i) The basis of similarities and differences between metallic and ionic crystals.arrow_forwardThe melting point of copper metal is 1083 °C. The vapor pressure of solid copper is reported to be 3.33×10-7 atm at 1060 °C. Estimate the number of gaseous copper atoms per cubic centimeter in equilibrium with solid copper at 1060 °C (23 °C below its melting point). atoms/cm3arrow_forward
- Determine the number of atoms per unit cell shown n= Zinc blende (cubic ZnS) n= 2 Cuarrow_forwardDraw the phase diagram of carbon dioxide and explain the meaning of three regions and lines.arrow_forwardThe vapor pressure for pure water and pure acetone is measured as a function of temperature. In each case, a graph of the log of the vapor pressure versus 1>T is found to be a straight line. The slope of the line for water is -4895 K and the slope of the line for acetone is -3765 K. Determine ΔHvap for each substance. Account for the difference by discussing the molecular structure of the two molecules.arrow_forward
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