Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 1ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The necessity to define the data in terms of adduct quantity in µg (micrograms) of DNA and not in the form of in total quantity of adduct.
Introduction:
DNA is a crucial component of chromosomes. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic information that passes from parents to the offspring. The changes in the external or internal environment may result in the mutation of chromosomes, which may cause genetic defects.
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Any permanent change to the structure of DNA is considered a mutation. A somatic cell mutation affects only the individual organism, while a germline mutation is passed onto the next generation.
For example, excessive amount of exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer. Although this type of mutation occurs in the somatic cells, every individual has different susceptibility to skin cell mutations upon exposure to UV rays.
The susceptibility is located in the germ cell and is heritable. The individuals who choose to overexpose themselves to UV rays increase their likelihood of obtaining undesirable mutations in their somatic cells.
Unlike suntanning, there are other activities we engage in that can lead to germline mutations. These activities should be avoided if possible as they lead to heritable mutations and cancer.
Using 200 words or less, identify one human activity that can lead to a heritable mutation.
Explain how it affects the individual and how it can be passed onto the…
A subset of colorectal cancers is associated with mutations in the Mut genes which code for proteins involved in repairing DNA mismatches. How would mutations in the Mut genes affect the DNA of an individual?
Discuss the following types of mutations, with reference to specific genetic disorders: i) Chromosomal deletion; ii) Reciprocal translocation; and iii) Haploinsufficiency
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 13.1 - You want to determine whether genes a and b are...Ch. 13.2 - You have a true-breeding strain of...Ch. 13.3 - What mechanisms are responsible for: (a)...Ch. 13.4 - A man has Simpson syndrome, an addiction to a...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 13 - In humans, redgreen color blindness is an X-linked...Ch. 13 - The following pedigree shows the pattern of...Ch. 13 - Individuals affected by a condition known as...Ch. 13 - A number of genes carried on the same chromosome...
Ch. 13 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 13 - Discuss Concepts Can a linkage map be made for a...Ch. 13 - In Drosophila, two genes, one for body color and...Ch. 13 - Another gene in Drosophila determines wing length....Ch. 13 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 13 - You conduct a cross in Drosophila that produces...Ch. 13 - Discuss Concepts Crossing-over does not occur...Ch. 13 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 13 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 13 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 13 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 13 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 13 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 13 - Prob. 4ITD
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- "While other proteins come and go during the cell cycle, the proteins of the origin recognition complex remain bound to the DNA throughout" is true or false.arrow_forwardTrue/False: When first discovered, investigators found it surprising that some single-gene defects causing immunodeficiency syndromes were associated with hypersensitivities to ionizing radiation, thereby leading to increased rates of cancer. The genes accounting for this dual impairment encode ubiquitously expressed DNA repair proteins.arrow_forwardWHIM syndrome is a disease of the immunesystem resulting in warts and frequent infections.The disease is caused by a dominant gain-of-functionmutation in a gene on chromosome 2 called CXCR4.A 38-year-old woman suffering with WHIM syndrome her entire life was suddenly and mysteriouslycured. Genome analysis of her blood precursor cells(stem cells) revealed that many of these cells had achromosome 2 that had undergone chromotripsis—arare (and poorly understood) process where a chromosome is “shattered” into small pieces that are subsequently stitched back together in random order, resultingin many deletions and inversions. Explain howchromotripsis of chromosome 2 in a blood stem cellcould have cured the woman of WHIM syndrome.arrow_forward
- Most cells are unable to copy the ends of chromosomes, and therefore chromosomes shorten with each cell division. This limits the number of times a cell can divide. In germ cells and stem cells, however, an enzyme called telomerase lengthens the telomeres and prevents chromosome shortening. Thus, these cells are not limited in the number of times they can divide. All cells have the gene for telomerase, but most somatic cells don’t express it, and they produce no telomerase. Why don’t somatic cells express telomerase and have unlimited division?arrow_forwardAre mutations that arise during mitosis or meiosis the same? Explain in 15 sentences.arrow_forward3) Examine the graph showing the relative percentage normal and cancer cells spend in various stages of the cell cycle. Based on the information in the graphs, infer how cancer cells differ from typical, noncancerous cells. Select ALL that apply. A) Cancer cells do not replicate their DNA. B) Cancer cells replicate their DNA too quickly. C) Cancer cells do not go through interphase during their cell cycle. D) Cancer cells spend more time dividing compared to typical cells. E) Cancer cells do not always grow to the same size as typical cells. more than 1 answer. not gradedarrow_forward
- For S phase to be completed in a timely manner, DNA replication must be initiated from multiple origins in eukaryotes. In S. cerevisiae, what role do S phase CDKs and DDKs play to ensure that the entire genome is replicated once and only once per cell cycle?arrow_forwardsuggest reasons for why DNA mutations are not all phenotypic.arrow_forwardExplain the fate of transferred chromosomal DNA ifrecombination does not occur in the recipient cell.arrow_forward
- Explain in detail the meaning of gene fusion. How is this process related to prostate cancer development?arrow_forward"In most differentiated tissues, daughter cells retain a memory of gene expression patterns that were present in the parent cell through mechanisms that do not involve changes in the sequence of their genomic DNA" is true or false.arrow_forwardMutagens, when introduced to the body can always cause cancer. Is this statement true? Select the correct response: No. Mutagens do not necessarily, directly equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. Mutagens can be limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in the genetic make- up of the organism involved. Though some mutagens are considered as carcinogens, not all mutagens can lead to cancer. Yes. The terms can be used interchangeably even in the medical field. Yes. Mutagens does equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. However, mutagens is not only limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in…arrow_forward
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