An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing. Interpretation: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing is to be stated. Concept introduction: Benzylic carbocation is more stable than tertiary, secondary or primary carbocation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17.9, Problem 17.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing.

Interpretation: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Benzylic carbocation is more stable than tertiary, secondary or primary carbocation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The mono-nitration products of the given compounds.

Interpretation: The mono-nitration products of the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nitration reaction of aromatic compound (addition of nitro group) is an example of electrophilic substitution reaction. The natures of substituent’s (electron withdrawing or electron donating group) that are already present on aromatic ring determine the positions (ortho/meta/para) for addition of nitro group.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17.9, Problem 17.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing.

Interpretation: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Benzylic carbocation is more stable than tertiary, secondary or primary carbocation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The mono-nitration products of the given compounds.

Interpretation: The mono-nitration products of the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nitration reaction of aromatic compound (addition of nitro group) is an example of electrophilic substitution reaction. The natures of substituent’s (electron withdrawing or electron donating group) that are already present on aromatic ring determine the positions (ortho/meta/para) for addition of nitro group.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17.9, Problem 17.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing.

Interpretation: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Benzylic carbocation is more stable than tertiary, secondary or primary carbocation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The mono-nitration products of the given compounds.

Interpretation: The mono-nitration products of the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nitration reaction of aromatic compound (addition of nitro group) is an example of electrophilic substitution reaction. The natures of substituent’s (electron withdrawing or electron donating group) that are already present on aromatic ring determine the positions (ortho/meta/para) for addition of nitro group.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17.9, Problem 17.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing.

Interpretation: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Benzylic carbocation is more stable than tertiary, secondary or primary carbocation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The mono-nitration products of the given compounds.

Interpretation: The mono-nitration products of the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nitration reaction of aromatic compound (addition of nitro group) is an example of electrophilic substitution reaction. The natures of substituent’s (electron withdrawing or electron donating group) that are already present on aromatic ring determine the positions (ortho/meta/para) for addition of nitro group.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17.9, Problem 17.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing.

Interpretation: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Benzylic carbocation is more stable than tertiary, secondary or primary carbocation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The mono-nitration products of the given compounds.

Interpretation: The mono-nitration products of the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nitration reaction of aromatic compound (addition of nitro group) is an example of electrophilic substitution reaction. The natures of substituent’s (electron withdrawing or electron donating group) that are already present on aromatic ring determine the positions (ortho/meta/para) for addition of nitro group.

Answer 6

Chapter 17.9, Problem 17.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing.

Interpretation: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Benzylic carbocation is more stable than tertiary, secondary or primary carbocation.

Answer 7

Chapter 17.9, Problem 17.14P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing.

Interpretation: An explanation with the use of resonance forms of a sigma complex to the show that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Benzylic carbocation is more stable than tertiary, secondary or primary carbocation.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The mono-nitration products of the given compounds.

Interpretation: The mono-nitration products of the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nitration reaction of aromatic compound (addition of nitro group) is an example of electrophilic substitution reaction. The natures of substituent’s (electron withdrawing or electron donating group) that are already present on aromatic ring determine the positions (ortho/meta/para) for addition of nitro group.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The mono-nitration products of the given compounds.

Interpretation: The mono-nitration products of the given compound are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nitration reaction of aromatic compound (addition of nitro group) is an example of electrophilic substitution reaction. The natures of substituent’s (electron withdrawing or electron donating group) that are already present on aromatic ring determine the positions (ortho/meta/para) for addition of nitro group.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 17.1P Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 17.2P Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 17.3P Ch. 17.4 - Use resonance forms to show that the dipolar sigma...Ch. 17.6A - Prob. 17.5P Ch. 17.6A - Prob. 17.6P Ch. 17.6B - Propose a mechanism for the brommation of...Ch. 17.6B - Prob. 17.8P Ch. 17.6B - Prob. 17.9P Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 17.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that phenyl substituent should be ortho para-directing by using resonance forms of a sigma complex.

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Chapter 17 Solutions