Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305116399
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 38, Problem 38.8CQ
A laser produces a beam a few millimeters wide, with uniform intensity across its width. A hair is stretched vertically across the front of the laser to cross the beam. (a) How is the diffraction pattern it produces on a distant screen related to that of a vertical slit equal in width to the hair? (b) How could you determine the width of the hair from measurements of its diffraction pattern?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
You are performing research in an x-ray diffraction laboratory. In one of your experiments, you wish to study x-ray diffraction from a crystal of NaCl using x-rays of wavelength 0.136 nm. (a) For how many angles do you expect to detect a diffraction maximum from the crystal if your x-rays are reflecting from the shaded planes as shown? (b) In another experiment, the crystal is rotated so that the reflections of x-rays arise from parallel planes of sodium and chlorine ions. as shown shows portions of these planes containing atoms within the unit cell. Imagine extending these portions outward to form large planes, one with only sodium ions and the other with only chlorine ions. Considering these planes, for how many angles do you expect to detect a diffraction maximum from the crystal using the same x-rays?
A compact disc (CD) is read from the bottom by a semiconductor laser with wavelength 790 nm passing through a plastic substrate of refractive index 1.8. When the beam encounters a pit, part of the beam is reflected from the pit and part from the flat region between the pits, so these two beams interfere with each other. What must the minimum pit depth be so that the part of the beam reflected from a pit cancels the part of the beam reflected from the flat region? (It is this cancellation that allows the player to recognize the beginning and end of a pit.)
A spectrometer uses a specific light source and a grating that has a specification of 200/mm to split the light (find the distance between gap/lattice). The diffraction pattern seen on the screen is a colored fringe pattern like a rainbow.
(b) If the angle formed is between the first light and the reference angle is 25°, what is the wavelength the light source?
Chapter 38 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
Ch. 38 - Suppose the slit width in Figure 37.4 is made half...Ch. 38 - Consider the central peak in the diffraction...Ch. 38 - Cats eyes have pupils that can be modeled as...Ch. 38 - Suppose you are observing a binary star with a...Ch. 38 - Ultraviolet light of wavelength 350 nm is incident...Ch. 38 - A polarizer for microwaves can be made as a grid...Ch. 38 - You are walking down a long hallway that has many...Ch. 38 - Certain sunglasses use a polarizing material to...Ch. 38 - What is most likely to happen to a beam of light...Ch. 38 - In Figure 38.4, assume the slit is in a barrier...
Ch. 38 - A Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is produced on a...Ch. 38 - Consider a wave passing through a single slit....Ch. 38 - Assume Figure 38.1 was photographed with red light...Ch. 38 - If plane polarized light is sent through two...Ch. 38 - Why is it advantageous to use a large-diameter...Ch. 38 - What combination of optical phenomena causes the...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.10OQCh. 38 - When unpolarized light passes through a...Ch. 38 - Off in the distance, you see the headlights of a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.1CQCh. 38 - Holding your hand at arms length, you can readily...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.3CQCh. 38 - (a) Is light from the sky polarized? (b) Why is it...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.5CQCh. 38 - If a coin is glued to a glass sheet and this...Ch. 38 - Fingerprints left on a piece of glass such as a...Ch. 38 - A laser produces a beam a few millimeters wide,...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.9CQCh. 38 - John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919),...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.11CQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.12CQCh. 38 - Light of wavelength 587.5 nm illuminates a slit of...Ch. 38 - Heliumneon laser light ( = 632.8 nm) is sent...Ch. 38 - Sound with a frequency 650 Hz from a distant...Ch. 38 - A horizontal laser beam of wavelength 632.8 nm has...Ch. 38 - Coherent microwaves of wavelength 5.00 cm enter a...Ch. 38 - Light of wavelength 540 nm passes through a slit...Ch. 38 - A screen is placed 50.0 cm from a single slit,...Ch. 38 - A screen is placed a distance L from a single slit...Ch. 38 - Assume light of wavelength 650 nm passes through...Ch. 38 - What If? Suppose light strikes a single slit of...Ch. 38 - A diffraction pattern is formed on a screen 120 cm...Ch. 38 - Coherent light of wavelength 501.5 nm is sent...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.13PCh. 38 - The pupil of a cats eye narrows to a vertical slit...Ch. 38 - The angular resolution of a radio telescope is to...Ch. 38 - A pinhole camera has a small circular aperture of...Ch. 38 - The objective lens of a certain refracting...Ch. 38 - Yellow light of wavelength 589 nm is used to view...Ch. 38 - What is the approximate size of the smallest...Ch. 38 - A heliumneon laser emits light that has a...Ch. 38 - To increase the resolving power of a microscope,...Ch. 38 - Narrow, parallel, glowing gas-filled tubes in a...Ch. 38 - Impressionist painter Georges Seurat created...Ch. 38 - A circular radar antenna on a Coast Guard ship has...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.25PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.26PCh. 38 - Consider an array of parallel wires with uniform...Ch. 38 - Three discrete spectral lines occur at angles of...Ch. 38 - The laser in a compact disc player must precisely...Ch. 38 - A grating with 250 grooves/mm is used with an...Ch. 38 - A diffraction grating has 4 200 rulings/cm. On a...Ch. 38 - The hydrogen spectrum includes a red line at 656...Ch. 38 - Light from an argon laser strikes a diffraction...Ch. 38 - Show that whenever white light is passed through a...Ch. 38 - Light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on...Ch. 38 - A wide beam of laser light with a wavelength of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.37PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.38PCh. 38 - Potassium iodide (Kl) has the same crystalline...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.40PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.41PCh. 38 - Why is the following situation impossible? A...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.43PCh. 38 - The angle of incidence of a light beam onto a...Ch. 38 - Unpolarized light passes through two ideal...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.46PCh. 38 - You use a sequence of ideal polarizing niters,...Ch. 38 - An unpolarized beam of light is incident on a...Ch. 38 - The critical angle for total internal reflection...Ch. 38 - For a particular transparent medium surrounded by...Ch. 38 - Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel...Ch. 38 - Two polarizing sheets are placed together with...Ch. 38 - In a single-slit diffraction pattern, assuming...Ch. 38 - Laser light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm is...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.55APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.56APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.57APCh. 38 - Two motorcycles separated laterally by 2.30 m are...Ch. 38 - The Very Large Array (VLA) is a set of 27 radio...Ch. 38 - Two wavelengths and + (with ) are incident on...Ch. 38 - Review. A beam of 541-nm light is incident on a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.62APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.63APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.64APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.65APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.66APCh. 38 - Prob. 38.67APCh. 38 - A pinhole camera has a small circular aperture of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.69APCh. 38 - (a) Light traveling in a medium of index of...Ch. 38 - The intensity of light in a diffraction pattern of...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.72APCh. 38 - Two closely spaced wavelengths of light are...Ch. 38 - Light of wavelength 632.8 nm illuminates a single...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.75CPCh. 38 - A spy satellite can consist of a large-diameter...Ch. 38 - Suppose the single slit in Figure 38.4 is 6.00 cm...Ch. 38 - In Figure P37.52, suppose the transmission axes of...Ch. 38 - Consider a light wave passing through a slit and...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The movable mirror of a Michelson interferometer is attached to one end of a thin metal rod of length 23.3 mm. The other end of the rod is anchored so it does not move. As the temperature of the rod changes from 15°C to 25 C , a change of 14 fringes is observed. The light source is a He Ne laser, =632.8 nm . What is the change in length of the metal bar, and what is its thermal expansion coefficient?arrow_forwardAs a single crystal is rotated in an x-ray spectrometer (Fig. 3.22a), many parallel planes of atoms besides AA and BB produce strong diffracted beams. Two such planes are shown in Figure P3.38. (a) Determine geometrically the interplanar spacings d1 and d2 in terms of d0. (b) Find the angles (with respect to the surface plane AA) of the n = 1, 2, and 3 intensity maxima from planes with spacing d1. Let = 0.626 and d0 = 4.00 . Note that a given crystal structure (for example, cubic) has interplanar spacings with characteristic ratios, which produce characteristic diffraction patterns. In this way, measurement of the angular position of diffracted x-rays may be used to infer the crystal structure. Figure P3.38 Atomic planes in a cubic lattice.arrow_forwardThe structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting planes 0.541 nm apart. What is the smallest angle, measured from these planes, at which X-ray diffraction can be observed, if X-rays of wavelength 0.085 nm are used?arrow_forward
- If bis Brewster’s angle for light reflected from the top of an interface between two substances, and bis Brewster’s angle for light reflected from below, prove that b+b=90.0arrow_forwardConsider a single-slit diffraction pattern for =589 nm, projected on a screen that is 1.00 m from a slit of width 0.25 mm. How far from the center of the pattern are the centers of the first and second dark fringes?arrow_forwardBabinet's principle says that the diffraction pattern observed when light falls on an aperture of any shape is the same as that obtained when light falls on an object that is the complement of such aperture. A laser with a wavelength of 600 nm is incident on a hair, generating a diffraction pattern with a width of the principal maximum of 10 mm on a screen located 1 m away from the hair. What is the diameter of this wire?arrow_forward
- Early investigators (including Thomas Young) measured the thickness of wool fibers using diffraction. One early instrument used a collimated beam of 560 nm light to produce a diffraction pattern on a screen placed 30 cm from a single wool fiber. If the fiber’s diameter was 16 μm, what was the width of the central maximum on the screen?arrow_forwardProve that it is not possible to determine both wavelength of incident radiation and spacing of reflecting planes in a crystal by measuring the Bragg angles for several orders.arrow_forwardA beam of light is diffracted by a slit of width 0.55mm. The diffraction pattern is formed on a wall 2m beyond the slit. The distance between the positions of zero intensity on both sides of the central bright fringe is 4.1mm. Calculate the wavelength of the laser light. (Diffraction and polarization)arrow_forward
- X rays of wavelength 0.12 nm are found to undergo secondorder reflection at a Bragg angle of 28° from a lithium fluoride crystal.What is the interplanar spacing of the reflecting planes in the crystal?arrow_forwardA He-Ne gas laser which produces monochromatic light of a known wavelength a = 6.35 x 10-7 m is used to calibrate a reflection grating in a spectroscope. The first-order diffraction line is found at an angle of 22° to the incident beam. How many lines per meter are there on the grating?arrow_forwardInformation is stored on an audio compact disc, CD-ROM, or DVD disc in a series of pits on the disc. These pits are scanned by a laser beam. An important limitation on the amount of information that can be stored on such a disc is the width of the laser beam. Explain why this should be, and explain how using a shorter-wavelength laser allows more information to be stored on a disc of the same size. With which color of light can the Hubble Space Telescope see finer detail in a distant astronomical object: red, blue, or ultraviolet? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...PhysicsISBN:9780078807213Author:Paul W. ZitzewitzPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax
Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...
Physics
ISBN:9780078807213
Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
University Physics Volume 3
Physics
ISBN:9781938168185
Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Diffraction of light animation best to understand class 12 physics; Author: PTAS: Physics Tomorrow Ambition School;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYkd_xSvaxE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY