Microbiology: An Introduction
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321733603
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 4, Problem 7R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The cell wall components between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Introduction:
The cell wall of a bacteria is a slightly rigid structure that gives the shape of the cell. It is made up of an inner and an outer membrane which give protection to the cell from adverse conditions. The cell wall is present in most of the prokaryotes which serve as an attachment site of flagella, site to cause diseases and a site of antibiotic action.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
a. Identify the cell shape, cell arrangement, and Gram reaction of the Unknown microbe in the image below.
b. Suppose the corresponding Gram negative control were purple. Explain what step(s) of the Gram stain you would adjust and how you would adjust them to ensure the accuracy of your Unknown results
Explain the difference between Gram positive and Gram negative cell walls.
Describe the procedure for performing a Gram stain.
What is the procedure?
How does each component work? (ie. What does the mordant do?)
How is the Gram stain used clinically to help identify the cause of an infection?
What will be the results of the following experiment with explanations:
A. Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria were placed into 0.2% NaCl solution.
B. Gram-negative bacterial isolate was placed into 0. 3% NaCl solution containing only Lysozyme enzyme.
C. Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria were placed into 0.09% NaCl solution containing only Penicillin?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 4 - DRAW IT Diagram each of the following flagellar...Ch. 4 - Endospore formation is called (a) _____. It is...Ch. 4 - DRAW IT Draw the bacterial shapes listed in (a),...Ch. 4 - Match the structures in column A to their...Ch. 4 - Why is an endospore called a resting structure? Of...Ch. 4 - Compare and contrast the following a. simple...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7RCh. 4 - Starch is readily metabolized by many cells, but a...Ch. 4 - Match the characteristics of eukaryotic cells in...Ch. 4 - NAME IT What group of microbes is characterized by...
Ch. 4 - How can prokaryotic cells be smaller than...Ch. 4 - The smallest eukaryotic cell is the motile alga...Ch. 4 - Two types of prokaryotic cells have been...Ch. 4 - In 1985, a 0.5-mm cell was discovered in...Ch. 4 - When E. coli cells are exposed to a hypertonic...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a distinguishing...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which statement best describes what happens when a...Ch. 4 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is false about fimbriae? a....Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a....Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a....Ch. 4 - You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell...Ch. 4 - The antibiotic amphothericin B disrupts plasma...Ch. 4 - Clostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobe; that...Ch. 4 - A South San Francisco child enjoyed bath time at...Ch. 4 - Live cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Bacillis brevis are lysed using a valve-type homogenizer. The extent of disruption depends on the applied pressure and the number of passes through the homogenizer chamber and can be described by the equation, ln(1 − ?) = −????. Is Bacillis brevis a gram-positive or gram-negative bacterial cell? Based on this response, describe the cell wall structure and how it differs from the other type. Develop an equation for calculation of pressure as a function of the number of passes through the homogenizer. What factor(s) did you take into consideration when selecting the number of passes? Escherichia coli cells are lysed with the same homogenization, is this organism gram-positive or gram-negative? What impact does increasing the value of the constant, a, have on the required number of passes at a given pressure? What factors impact the value of a? If fine cell debris after homogenization makes subsequent solid-liquid separation difficult, what would you recommend? Answer as…arrow_forwardBacterial growth depends on many environmental factors, including the temperature of the environment. Since microbes can survive in a certain range of temperatures and will thrive at a temperature, understanding these variables allows for control of their growth. This understanding can be used, for example, to preserve certain foods or to treat infections. This lab simulation will use an instrument called a spectrophotometer. This instrument quantitatively measures the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted by molecules in solution a) In your own words give an introduction to the microbial growth and the effect tempature has. b) In your own words explain the importance of the spectrophotometer in regards to microbial growth. c) In your own words give a hypothesis on how bacteria will react to different temperatures.arrow_forwardThe genera Streptococci and Staphylococci are important bacterial groups to study as they contain many human pathogens. In the following question, choose whether the stated characteristic is typical of either Streptococci, Staphylococci, or both by bolding or highlighting the correct choice. Choose One a. Gram-positive cocci bacteria Streptococci, Staphylococci, Both b. Can withstand higher osmotic pressure Streptococci, Staphylococci, Both c. Principle pathogen is S. pyogenes Streptococci, Staphylococci, Both d. MRSA pathogen Streptococci, Staphylococci, Both e. B-hemolytic pharyngitis (throat infection) Streptococci, Staphylococci, Botharrow_forward
- Answer the following questions: 1. Define a bacterial colony. 2. What is the difference between macroscopic and microscopic appearance of bacteria? 3. State the three standard terms used to describe single colonies on agar plates. 4. State and define the three types of growth that may be seen in a broth culture. 5. State three basic shapes of bacteria. 6. State and describe the different arrangements of cocci. 7. What is the difference between true motility and Brownian motion?arrow_forwarda. If an egg salad sandwich sitting in a warm car for 4 hours develops 40,960bacterial cells, how many more cells would result in just one more generation? b. What would the cell count be after 4 hours if the initial bacterial dose was 100?c. What do your answers tell you about using clean techniques in food preparation and storage (other than esthetic considerations)?arrow_forwardIsolate #2: Cell Morphology (shape) . a. b. Isolate #2: Gram stain result Gram Postive. (The color I see on my screen is purple.) c. List at least two genera (not species) of bacteria that are consistent with the Gram reaction and morphology you observed. d. Are any of these genera are normal flora on the skin? If so which one(s)? (1 pt) ***Please answer the four questions base on the picture provided.***arrow_forward
- Examine the image below. The bacteria in this image have been treated with gram straining procedure. Indicate the following information A. Shape ........; Gram stain ( Gram (+), Gram (-) or both ... B. Stained color under microscope..... . C. Is the PG wall think, thin or both ..arrow_forwardA bacterium has the following characteristics: I. It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes , bacteriophages, and dehydration. II. It can survive being boiled. III. It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan. Which of the following characteristics allows this bacteria to survive in a human who is taking penicillin pills? A. gram-negative cell wall B. peptidoglycan in the cell wall C. lipopolysaccharides in the cytoplasm D. long polypeptides in the cell wallarrow_forwardIsolate #2: Cell Morphology (shape) а. b. Isolate #2: Gram stain result Gram Postive. (The color I see on my screen is purple.) c. List at least two genera (not species) of bacteria that are consistent with the Gram reaction and morphology you observed. d. Are any of these genera are normal flora on the skin? If so which one(s)? ***Please answer the four questions base on the picture provided.***arrow_forward
- In Figure 5-5,a. Why do A− and B− cells, by themselves, not formcolonies on the plating medium?b. What genetic event do the purple colonies in themiddle plate represent?arrow_forwardUsing an appropriate lens and oil immersion, what would be a microscope's maximum resolution (in micrometres) that could use a wavelength of 350 nm (assuming that such a device exists)? What would be the surface-to-volume ratio for the coccus-shaped bacterium twice the size of the maximum resolution you calculated? Why is the surface-to-volume ratio an important biological factor. Explain. Show all of your calculations.arrow_forwardDescribe in detail all the steps needed to determine whether an Unknown bacteria has a Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell wall using the Gram stain. (You can describe the method presented in the Exercise 3-6 Gram stain videos or in the Lab Manual.) 1. Start by describing the method of transferring the bacteria onto the microscope slide, then describe heat-fixing the emulsion of the Unknown bacteria. (Do not describe all the steps needed to perform aseptic technique. Just say “Bacteria was added aseptically.”) 2. Describe the Gram stain in detail. (This description should include all the stains, how long the stain should set on slide, and Genus and species names of bacteria you are using as CONTROLS.)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you