Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 42.1, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Behavior can be described as an act of reaction produced by an organism in a particular circumstance. It can be inherited or acquired by the organism on the basis of its lifetime experience.
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The idea that behavior must be either innate or learned has been called a “nature versus nurture” controversy. What reasons are there for believing that such a strict dichotomy does not exist?
A Gelada baboon gives a warning cry that a predator is approaching so other members of its population could run away. This behavior is an example of
innate behavior.
survival of the fittest.
altruistic behavior.
dominant hierarchical behavior.
imprinted behavior.
A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What term best applies to this behavior?
Fixed Action Pattern
habituation
imprinting
associative learning
problem solving
Which of the following is least related to the others?
fighting over a mate
territorial behavior
Dominance heirarchy
cognitive maps
agonistic behavior
During mating season, males of certain species will perform displays of aggression toward other males when approached while they are courting a female. This type of behavior is an example of
altruistic behavior
agonistic behavior
fixed action pattern
polygamous behavior
predatory behavior
The capacity to make changes in behavior on the basis of experience is known as
a fixed action.
learning.
habituation.
conditioning.
Which of the following statements is not true concerning the optimal foraging theory?
forager tries to maximize the energy gained
forager tries to minimize the energy expended
forager secures essential nutrients
forager tries to minimize the risk of getting eaten while gathering food
forager contributes to the growth of its population by gathering food
Chapter 42 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 42.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 42.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 42.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 42.2 - Most terrestrial mammals are nocturnal. This means...Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 42.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 42.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 42.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 42.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 42.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 42 - Prob. 1TYCh. 42 - Prob. 2TYCh. 42 - Prob. 3TYCh. 42 - Prob. 4TYCh. 42 - Prob. 5TYCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYCh. 42 - Prob. 9TYCh. 42 - Prob. 10TYCh. 42 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 42 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 42 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 42 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- There are three chief ideas of the handicap principle: 1) Animals communicate with éach other throughn sigi must be honest, and 3) honest signals are expensive. Stotting behavior (up and down jumps gazelles exhibit when they spot a predator before the gazelle runs away) often results in the predator leaving before it attacks, presumably because the predator knows it won't easily catch that gazelle. This clearly is an example of the handicap principle based on the three ideas. True Falsearrow_forwardDefense of an area where important resources for survival are located is termed appeasement. kinesis. passive behavior. aggression behavior territorial behavior. Choose the true statement about innate behaviors from the list: Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population. Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals. Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions. Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors. Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals. In different species, there are sometimes very sensitive periods in their lives when a particular behavior or skill needs to be learned. This is called classical conditioning. altruism. fixed action behavior.…arrow_forwardJapanese macaques, or "snow monkeys," dipping yams into seawater is an example of observational learning. a survival mechanism to get enough dietary sodium. imprinting. behavior resulting from a genetic change.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is LEAST consistent with how behavior tends to evolve? Changes to underlying neural mechanisms, such as neurotransmitter receptors that affect motivation, can result in major changes in behavioral phenotypes Tweaks to the developmental process, such as play or learning, can cause evolutionary divergence in behavior Changes in the properties of sensory receptors can shift preferences and choices Variation in the gene for a given behavior results in population divergence Why are there biases in learning processes? The initial neural structure underlying learning may not allow every possible learned association Some cues are more likely than others to be associated with particular things, which has shaped the evolution of neural networks that represent the world Reducing the range of possible things a brain can learn can be one way to reduce the costs of learning All of the abovearrow_forwardIn what type of learning does an animal learns to associate one of its own behaviors with a positive or negative effect.? Group of answer choices Social learning Problem solving Habituation Spatial learning Associative learningarrow_forwardDescribe how Serian crane, bears, and wasp behavior has allowed them to survive (adapt to weather changes). Be sure to note of the behavior is learned or innatearrow_forward
- Some insects, when attacked, will release a chemical that will cause other members of their species to become aggressive or fly. These chemicals are called pheromones. hormones. enzymes. toxins A scientist is researching behavior in a certain species of bird. The scientist realizes that by providing a certain stimulus only during a specific stage in early life will cause the baby birds to think he is their mother. This behavior by the baby birds is called innate imprinting. fixed action behavior. social learning Which of the following statements is (are) true of fixed action patterns? They are highly stereotyped, instinctive behaviors. They are triggered by sign stimuli in the environment and, once begun, are continued to completion. An inappropriate stimulus can sometimes trigger them. A and B only A, B, and Carrow_forwardHerd behavior benefits wildebeests by: helping individuals find mates. decreasing the chance of spreading disease. allowing altruistic behavior. increasing the number of resources available.arrow_forwardHamilton's Rule describes the relationship between cost and relationship in the evolution of altruistic behavior. Which of the following do not support Hamilton's rule: In colonies of Naked Mole Rates, only one female is reproductive. Cattle egrets sometimes kill their siblings. Wood mouse sperm will sacrifice themselves to assist a "sibling" sperm to fertilize an egg. O A Prairie Dog trills in response to an oncoming predator and is more likely to be eaten because it exhibits this behavior.arrow_forward
- In which type of learning does an animal apply past experiences to overcome obstacles in new situations? Associative learning Spatial learning Social learning Problem solving Habituationarrow_forwardWhat is known about this behavior and neutral mechanisms of this behavior? Include details and experiments performed to demonstrate these aspects.arrow_forwardhow program planners can utilize the theories of behavior change. Use example of a possible program; smoking cessation, reproductive health, vaccination promotion or any topic. How can the models of behavior change impact the planning of a program on the topic.arrow_forward
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