Concept explainers
Manager’s trust and job-related tension. Research published in Accounting, Organizations and Society (Vol. 19, 1994) investigated whether the effects of different performance evaluation styles (PES) on the level of job-related tension is affected by trust. Three performance evaluation styles were considered. Each is related to the way in which accounting information is used for the purpose of evaluation. The three styles are budget-constrained (BC), profit-conscious (PC), and the nonaccounting style (NA), which focuses on factors such as quality of output and attitude toward the job. Consider a questionnaire (similar to the one used in the study) administered to 200 managers. It measures the performance evaluation style of each manager’s superior (on a 10-point scale), the manager’s job-related tension, and the manager's level of trust (low, medium, and high) in his or her superior. These data were used to produce the partial ANOVA table and table of treatment
- a. Describe the treatments of this study.
- b. Complete the ANOVA table.
- c. Investigate the presence of an Interaction effect by conducting the appropriate hypothesis test using α = .05.
- d. Use a plot of treatment means to investigate the interaction effect. Interpret your results. Are your results of parts c and d consistent?
- e. Given your answers to parts c and d, should the F-tests for the two main effects be conducted?
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Statistics for Business and Economics (13th Edition)
- A study investigated the relationship between audit delay and variables that describe the client and the auditor. The file Audit contains data from a sample of 40 companies on the following set of variables: Delay: The length of time from a company's fiscal year-end to the date of the auditor's report. Industry: A dummy variable coded 1 if the firm was an industrial company or 0 if the firm was a bank, savings and loan, or insurance company. Public: A dummy variable coded 1 if the company was traded on an organized exchange or over the counter; otherwise coded 0. Quality: A measure of overall quality of internal controls, as judged by the auditor, on a five-point scale ranging from "virtually none" (1) to "excellent" (5). Finished: A measure ranging from 1 to 4, as judged by the auditor, where 1 indicates "all work performed subsequent to year-end" and indicates 4 "most work performed prior to year-end." Click on the datafile logo to reference the data. Consider a model in which…arrow_forwardYou are analyzing salaries for your organization and you are trying to determine which variables are explaining differences in salaries. You are also wondering if there could possibly be any gender discrimination. The following data have been collected on every employee in this large department in the organization. The definitions of the variables are as follows: Salary: the employees’ bi weekly salary in dollars; Service: the number of months the employee has been employed by the organization; Age: age of the employee in years; Gender: whether the employee is male or female; Job; whether the job is technical (tech) or clerical (cler). The data appear below. Salary Service Age Gender Job 1769 93 42 male cler 1740 104 33 male cler 1941 104 42 male tech 2367 126 57 male tech 2467 98 30 male tech 1640 99 49 male tech 1756 94 35 male cler 1706 96 46 female…arrow_forwardYou are analyzing salaries for your organization and you are trying to determine which variables are explaining differences in salaries. You are also wondering if there could possibly be any gender discrimination. The following data have been collected on every employee in this large department in the organization. The definitions of the variables are as follows: Salary: the employees’ bi weekly salary in dollars; Service: the number of months the employee has been employed by the organization; Age: age of the employee in years; Gender: whether the employee is male or female; Job; whether the job is technical (tech) or clerical (cler). The data appear below. Salary Service Age Gender Job 1769 93 42 male cler 1740 104 33 male cler 1941 104 42 male tech 2367 126 57 male tech 2467 98 30 male tech 1640 99 49 male tech 1756 94 35 male cler 1706 96 46 female…arrow_forward
- Each year U.S. News and World Report conducts its "Survey of America's Best Graduate and Professional Schools." and ranks the top 25 business schools, as determined by reputation, student selectivity, placement success, and graduation rate. For each school, three variables were measured: (1) GMAT score for the typical incoming student; (2) student acceptance rate (percentage accepted of all students who applied); and (3) starting salary of the typical graduating student. An academic advisor wants to predict the typical starting salary of a graduate at a top business school using GMAT score of the school as a predictor variable. The results of a simple linear regression of SALARY versus GMAT using the 25 data points are shown below. Is there sufficient evidence to suggest there is a linear relationship between SALARY and GMAT at the 5% level of significance? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a = -92040 b = 228 s = 3213 r2 = .66 r =…arrow_forwardEach year U.S. News and World Report conducts its "Survey of America's Best Graduate and Professional Schools." and ranks the top 25 business schools, as determined by reputation, student selectivity, placement success, and graduation rate.For each school, three variables were measured: (1) GMAT score for the typical incoming student; (2) student acceptance rate (percentage accepted of all students who applied); and (3) starting salary of the typical graduating student. An academic advisor wants to predict the typical starting salary of a graduate at a top business school using GMAT score of the school as a predictor variable. The results of a simple linear regression of SALARY versus GMAT using the 25 data points are shown below. Is there sufficient evidence to suggest there is a linear relationship between SALARY and GMAT at the 5% level of significance? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a = -92040 b = 228 s = 3213 r2 = .66 r =…arrow_forwardWhy is BioStatistics a basic foundation in decision-making?arrow_forward
- In the digital age of marketing, special care must be taken to make sure that programmatic ads appearing on websites align with a company's strategy, culture and ethics. For example, in 2017, Nordstrom, Amazon and Whole Foods ea faced boycotts from social media users when automated ads for these companies showed up on the Breitbart website (ChiefMarketer.com). It is important for marketing professionals to understand a company's values and culture. The following data are from an experiment designed to investigate the perception of corporate ethical values among individuals specializing in marketing (higher scores indicate higher ethical values). Marketing Managers Marketing Research Advertising 3. 6 4 6. 5 7 (a) Use a = 0.05 to test for significant differences in perception among the three groups. State the null and alternative hypotheses. O Ho: At least two of the population means are equal. H : At least two of the population means are different. O Ho: Not all the population means are…arrow_forwardIn the digital age of marketing, special care must be taken to make sure that programmatic ads appearing on websites align with a company's strategy, culture and ethics. For example, in 2017, Nordstrom, Amazon and Whole Foods each faced boycotts from social media users when automated ads for these companies showed up on the Breitbart website (ChiefMarketer.com). It is important for marketing professionals to understand a company's values and culture. The following data are from an experiment designed to investigate the perception of corporate ethical values among individuals specializing in marketing (higher scores indicate higher ethical values). Marketing Managers Marketing Research Advertising 4 6 5 5 6 6 5 7 5 3 6 4 3 7 5 4 7 5 (a) Use ? = 0.05 to test for significant differences in perception among the three groups. State the null and alternative hypotheses. H0: ?MM = ?MR = ?AHa: Not all the population means are equal. H0: ?MM = ?MR = ?A Ha: ?MM ≠ ?MR ≠ ?A…arrow_forwardIn the digital age of marketing, special care must be taken to make sure that programmatic ads appearing on websites align with a company's strategy, culture and ethics. For example, in 2017, Nordstrom, Amazon and Whole Foods each faced boycotts from social media users when automated ads for these companies showed up on the Breitbart website (ChiefMarketer.com). It is important for marketing professionals to understand a company's values and culture. The following data are from an experiment designed to investigate the perception of corporate ethical values among individuals specializing in marketing (higher scores indicate higher ethical values). Marketing Managers Marketing Research Advertising 5 4 6 6 5 6 6 5 6 4 4 5 5 5 7 4 4 6 At the ? = 0.05 level of significance, we can conclude that there are differences in the perceptions for marketing managers, marketing research specialists, and advertising specialists. Use the procedures in Section 13.3 to…arrow_forward
- In the digital age of marketing, special care must be taken to make sure that programmatic ads appearing on websites align with a company's strategy, culture and ethics. For example, in 2017, Nordstrom, Amazon and Whole Foods each faced boycotts from social media users when automated ads for these companies showed up on the Breitbart website (ChiefMarketer.com). It is important for marketing professionals to understand a company's values and culture. The following data are from an experiment designed to investigate the perception of corporate ethical values among individuals specializing in marketing (higher scores indicate higher ethical values). Marketing Managers Marketing Research Advertising 4 6 7 3 6 6 3 5 6 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 Find the value of the test statistic. Find the p-value. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) p-value = (b) At the ? = 0.05 level of significance, we can conclude that there are differences in the perceptions for marketing…arrow_forwardIn the digital age of marketing, special care must be taken to make sure that programmatic ads appearing on websites align with a company's strategy, culture and ethics. For example, in 2017, Nordstrom, Amazon and Whole Foods each faced boycotts from social media users when automated ads for these companies showed up on the Breitbart website (ChiefMarketer.com). It is important for marketing professionals to understand a company's values and culture. The following data are from an experiment designed to investigate the perception of corporate ethical values among individuals specializing in marketing (higher scores indicate higher ethical values). Marketing Managers Marketing Research Advertising 4 6 6 3 5 6 5 5 6 5 6 5 4 6 7 3 5 6 (a) Use ? = 0.05 to test for significant differences in perception among the three groups. State the null and alternative hypotheses. H0: Not all the population means are equal.Ha: ?MM = ?MR = ?A H0: ?MM ≠ ?MR ≠ ?AHa: ?MM = ?MR =…arrow_forward
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