Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134168296
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 4FTB
The enzyme_______ synthesizes RNA from the instructions in DNA. For any given gene, only one DNA strand, called the_________ strand, is transcribed. To begin transcribing a gene, this enzyme binds to a specific sequence of DNA bases located at the beginning of the gene. This DNA sequence is called the________. Transcription ends when the enzyme encounters a DNA sequence at the end of the gene called the________.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The following sequence is the coding strand of a piece of DNA. Type out the corresponding
template strand of DNA and the MRNA that could be made from this piece of DNA if you assume
that transcription begins at the first nucleotide listed. Next, use the attached genetic code table to
translate the mRNA into a polypeptide that could be made from the message and list that
sequence along with those of the DNA and MRNA.
Coding strand
5'-TACCGTATGATTCTCTTGTATGGGTAACC-3'
Second letter
U
UUU
UUC
UCU
UAU
UGU
Phe
Tyr
Cys
UCC
UCA
UAC
UAA STOP
UAG STOP UGG| Trp
UGC
Ser
UUA
UGA STOP A
UUG Leu
UCG
CUU
CCU
CC
CAU
CGU
CGC
His
CUC
C
CUA
CAC
САА
Leu
Pro
Arg
CCA
CGA
Gln
CUG
СCG
CAG
CGG
AGU Ser
AAU
AAC
ACU
AUU
lle
AUC
Asn
ACC
ACA
AGC
Thr
AAA
AGA
AUA
AUG Met
Arg
ACG
AAG Lys
AGG
GAU
GCU
GCC
GUU
GGU
Asp
GAC
GGC
GGA
GUC
Val
Ala
Gly
GCA
GCG
GAA
GAG
GUA
Glu
GUG
GGG
Third letter
UCAG
UCAG
5CAG
UCAG
First letter
When summarizing the process of transcription in a cell as a gene is used to build a polypeptide, which of these statements accurately reflects the process of transcription? Choose ALL that apply.
A - An mRNA molecule is produced in the nucleus of the cell.
B - A polypeptide is synthesized based on the sequence of nucleotides on the tRNA molecule.
C - The RNA molecules contains three nucleotides in a row whose bases form a codon.
D - The ribosome attaches to the DNA to build a polypeptide.
E - The resulting RNA molecule is a complement of the gene on the DNA.
In order for transcription to occur, the DNA molecule must be "unzipped". Messenger RNA is then produced using one of the DNA strands as a template. As the mRNA lengthens, it separates from the DNA strand. The two DNA strands then come back together.
True
False
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Ch. 13 - 1. The molecule that carries the genetic...Ch. 13 - 2. Which of the following is not true of...Ch. 13 - 3. A stop codon
a. signals the end of protein...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4MCCh. 13 - Epigenetic modification of gene expression a....Ch. 13 - Prob. 1FTBCh. 13 - The three types of RNA that are essential for...Ch. 13 - 3. The genetic code uses______ (how many?) bases...Ch. 13 - The enzyme_______ synthesizes RNA from the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5FTB
Ch. 13 - Prob. 6FTBCh. 13 - How does RNA differ from DNA?Ch. 13 - Prob. 2RQCh. 13 - Define the following terms: genetic code, codon,...Ch. 13 - 4. How is mRNA formed from a eukaryotic gene?
Ch. 13 - 5. Diagram and describe protein synthesis.
Ch. 13 - 6. Explain how complementary base pairing is...Ch. 13 - 7. Describe the principal mechanisms of regulating...Ch. 13 - Define mutation. Describe four different effects...Ch. 13 - Many years ago, some researchers reported that...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2AC
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The code for a fully functional protein is actually coming from an mRNA transcript that has undergone post transcriptional processing which is essentially way too different from the original code in the DNA template. Given: Cytosine; a Protein with known amino acid sequence Requirement: Original DNA code (itemize the steps you would take to get to know the original DNA code of Cytosine in focus)arrow_forwardFor each of these things, say whether it describes the coding sequence or the regulatory sequence. The ______________ sequence determines the order of a protein’s amino acids. The ______________ sequence attaches to transcription factors. The ______________ sequence is where RNA polymerase attaches to start transcription. The ______________ sequence includes the start and stop codons. The ______________ sequence allows the gene to be activated in some cells but not others.arrow_forwardThe code for a fully functional protein is actually coming from an mRNA transcript that has undergone post transcriptional processing which is essentially way too different from the original code in the DNA template. Given: Protein with known amino acid sequence Requirement: Original DNA code (itemize the steps you would take to get to know the original DNA code of the protein in focus)arrow_forward
- Select all TRUE statements related to the process of transcription. More than one answer is possible. The enzyme helicase separates the complimentary base pairs that hold double-stranded DNA together. MRNA is formed by joining ribonucleotides that pair with the template strand of DNA MRNA is formed by joining ribonucleotides that pair with the coding strand of DNA exons are removed from MRNA. Okazaki fragments form on the lagging strand. introns are removed from mRNA. The enzyme DNA gyrase encompasses both strands of DNA and uncoils the helix of double-stranded DNA. transcription is the process by which MRNA codons are translated to proteins. MRNA formed will be complimentary to the coding strand. DNA is unwound to expose the targeted genearrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is transcribed, what is the correct nucleotide sequence and direction of the RNA formed after transcription?arrow_forwardWhat is the name of the enzyme is responsible for transcribing the DNA sequence into mRNA? In your own words, explain what this enzyme does.arrow_forward
- Several different nucleic acids are involved in the process of getting a protein produced from a gene. DNA contains the "genetic code" for the protein. DNA is double-stranded, but only one strand is transcribed into MRNA. The MRNA then goes into the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein with the help of TRNA. At each stage of the process, there is base complementarity (A pairs with T/U and C pairs with G) between the nucleic acids involved to ensure the integrity of the DNA blueprint for the protein being produced. Therefore, some of the four strands of nucleic acids involved will match (except U replaces T in RNA) and some will have base complementarity. Indicate whether there is matching (1) or base complementarity (2) between the following nucleic acids. DNA sense strand and MRNA DNA sense strand and tRNA DNA antisense strand and MRNA MRNA and TRNAarrow_forwardNitrous acid is a mutagen. It can react chemically with cytosine to change it to uracil in a DNA strand. Using your knowledge of DNA that undergoes transcription, explain the effect of this mutagen on a strand of DNA structurally and what the implications are for transcription of the mRNA strand and protein.arrow_forwardYou may wish to consult the genetic code above to answer the following question. A mutation has changed a portion of a protein coding gene that encodes a messenger RNA sequence. The original messenger RNA sequence is 5'-AUGCCCAGAGCU-3' Which mutation is a frameshift mutation that changes all of the amino acids that follow the changed sequence? O 5-AUGCCCUGAGCU-3' 05-AUGCCCCAGAGCU-3" 05-AUGCCCACAGCU-3" 05 AUGCCCAGGGCC-3"arrow_forward
- AKS 5c1: The model below represents the process of protein synthesis. What is the best description for what occurs during process A and process B in the model? * AA A GA TIT TT G CITG GCITAG |A AMGAA MAQ IB phenyl- alanine leucine alanine glycine methionineH iysine Process A is showing transcription, which uses a DNA template to create an mRNA copy of the genetic code. Process B is showing translation, which uses the MRNA to create a polypeptide chain. Process A is showing translation, which uses a DNA template to create an MRNA copy of the genetic code. Process B is showing transcription, which uses the MRNA to create a nolynentide chain ATarrow_forwardOccurring in the nucleus ribosome mitochondrion , translation transcription is the process of making an RNA copy from a DNA template. The molecule then enters the cytoplasm. The process in which the mRNA sequence is converted into a sequence of amino acids is called translation transcription . In the cytoplasm, the nucleus ribosome mitochondrion reads the amino acid sequence and assembles the protein.arrow_forwardHydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY