(1)
Journal:
Journal is the book of original entry. Journal consists of the day-to-day financial transactions in a chronological order. The journal has two aspects; they are debit aspect and the credit aspect.
T-Accounts:
T-accounts are referred as T-account because its format represents the letter “T”. The T-accounts consists of the following:
- The title of accounts.
- The debit side (Dr) and,
- The credit side (Cr).
Adjusted
The unadjusted trial balance is the summary of all the ledger accounts that appears on the ledger accounts before making adjusting
An adjusting entry is prepared when the trial balance is not up-to-date, and complete, and they are usually prepared at the end of the accounting period. This adjusting entry is essential for preparing the financial statements of the business.
Spreadsheet:
A spreadsheet is a worksheet. It is used while preparing a financial statement. It is a type of form having multiple columns and it is used in the adjustment process. The use of a worksheet is optional for any organization. A worksheet can neither be considered as a journal nor a part of the general ledger.
Statement of retained earnings: This statement reports the beginning retained earnings and all the changes which led to ending retained earnings. Net income from income statement is added to and dividends are deducted from beginning retained earnings to arrive at the end result, ending retained earnings.
Income statement:
An income statement is one of the financial statements which shows the revenues, and expenses of the company. The income statement is prepared to ascertain the net income/loss of the company, by deducting the expenses from the revenues.
Balance sheet:
A balance sheet is a financial statement consists of the assets, liabilities, and the
Closing entries:
Closing entries are recorded in order to close the temporary accounts such as incomes and expenses by transferring them to the permanent accounts. It is passed at the end of the accounting period, to transfer the final balance.
Post-Closing Trial Balance:
After passing all the journal entries and the closing entries of the permanent accounts and then further posting them to each of the respective accounts, a post-closing trial balance is prepared which consists of a list of all the permanent accounts. A post-closing trial balance serves as an evidence to prove that the balance of the permanent accounts is equal.
To prepare: The T-accounts.
(1)
Explanation of Solution
Solution:
Record the transactions directly in their respective T-accounts, and determine their balances.
Cash | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 11,000 | |||
Laundry Supplies | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 21,500 | June 30 | Adjusted | 17,900 |
June 30 | Adjusted balance | 3,600 | |||
Prepaid Insurance | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 9,600 | June 30 | Adjusted | 5,700 |
Adjusted balance | 3,900 | ||||
Laundry Equipment | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 232,600 | |||
June 30 | Balance | 125,400 | |||
June 30 | Adjusted | 6,500 | |||
June 30 | Adjusted balance | 131,900 | |||
Accounts Payable | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 11,800 | |||
Wages Payable | |||||
June 30 | Adjusted | 1,100 | |||
Retained Earnings | |||||
June 30 | Closing | 10,000 | June 30 | Balance | 65,600 |
June 30 | Closing | 10,700 | |||
June 30 | Balance | 66,300 | |||
Dividends | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 10,000 | June 30 | Closing | 10,000 |
Laundry Revenue | |||||
June 30 | Closing | 232,200 | June 30 | Balance | 232,200 |
Wages Expense | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 125,200 | June 30 | Closing | 126,300 |
June 30 | Adjusted | 1,100 | |||
June 30 | Adjusted balance | 126,300 | |||
Rent Expense | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 40,000 | June 30 | Closing | 40,000 |
Utilities Expense | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 19,700 | June 30 | Closing | 19,700 |
Depreciation Expense | |||||
June 30 | Adjusted | 6,500 | June 30 | Closing | 6,500 |
Laundry Supplies Expense | |||||
June 30 | Adjusted | 17,900 | June 30 | Closing | 17,900 |
Insurance Expense | |||||
June 30 | Adjusted | 5,700 | June 30 | Closing | 5,700 |
Miscellaneous Expense | |||||
June 30 | Balance | 5,400 | June 30 | Closing | 5,400 |
Common Stock | |||||
June 30 | Closing | 40,000 | |||
Income Summary | |||||
June 30 | Closing | 221,500 | June 30 | Closing | 232,200 |
Closing | 10,700 |
(2)
To enter: The unadjusted trial balance on an end-of-period spreadsheet, and complete the spreadsheet.
(2)
Explanation of Solution
The unadjusted trial balance on an end-of-period spreadsheet is prepared as follows:
Table (1)
Hence, the unadjusted trial balance on an end-of-period spreadsheet is prepared and completed.
(3)
To Journalize and
(3)
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The adjusting entries are journalized as follows:
Date | Description | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2018 | Wages expense | 1,100 | ||
June | 30 | Wages payable | 1,100 | |
(To record the wages accrued) |
Table (2)
- Wages expense is an expense account, and it is increased. Hence, debit the wages expense account by $1,100.
- Wages payable is a liability account, and it is increased. Hence, credit the wages payable account by $1,100.
Date | Description | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2018 | 6,500 | |||
June | 30 | Accumulated depreciation | 6,500 | |
(To record the equipment depreciation) |
Table (3)
- Depreciation expense is an expense account, and it is increased. Hence, debit the wages expense account by $6,500.
- Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account, and it is increased. Hence, credit the accumulated depreciation account by $6,500.
Date | Description | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2018 | Laundry supplies expense | 17,900 | ||
June | 30 | Laundry supplies
|
17,900 | |
(To record the supplies expense) |
Table (4)
- Laundry supplies expense is an expense account, and it is increased. Hence, debit the laundry supplies expense account by $17,900.
- Laundry supplies are the asset account, and it is increased. Hence, credit the laundry supplies account by $17,900.
Date | Description | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2018 | Insurance expense | 5,700 | ||
August | 31 | Prepaid insurance | 5,700 | |
(To record the insurance expense) |
Table (5)
- Insurance expense is an expense account, and it is increased. Hence, debit the insurance expense account by $5,700.
- Prepaid insurance is an asset account, and it is decreased. Hence, credit the prepaid insurance account by $5,700.
(4)
To prepare: An unadjusted trial balance for Laundry E, as of June 30, 2018.
(4)
Explanation of Solution
Prepare an unadjusted trial balance for Laundry E, as of June 30, 2018.
Laundry E | ||
Unadjusted Trial Balance | ||
June 30, 2018 | ||
Accounts | Debit Balances | Credit Balances |
Cash | 11,000 | |
Laundry Supplies | 3,600 | |
Prepaid Insurance | 3,900 | |
Laundry Equipment | 232,600 | |
Accumulated depreciation | 131,900 | |
Accounts payable | 11,800 | |
Wages Payable | 1,100 | |
Common Stock | 40,000 | |
Retained earnings | 65,600 | |
Dividends | 10,000 | |
Laundry revenue | 232,200 | |
Wages expense | 126,300 | |
Rent expense | 40,000 | |
Utilities Expense | 19,700 | |
Depreciation Expense | 17,900 | |
Laundry supplies expense | 6,500 | |
Insurance Expense | 5,700 | |
Miscellaneous Expense | 5,400 | |
482,600 | 482,600 |
Table (6)
(5)
The net income or net loss of Laundry E for the month of June.
(5)
Explanation of Solution
The net income of Laundry E for the month of June is $10,700.
E Laundry | ||
Income Statement | ||
For the year ended June 30, 2018 | ||
Particulars | Amount ($) | Amount ($) |
Revenue: | ||
Laundry revenue | $248,000 | |
Expenses: | ||
Wages Expense | $126,300 | |
Rent Expense | 40,000 | |
Utilities Expense | 19,700 | |
Depreciation Expense | 17,900 | |
Laundry supplies Expense | 6,500 | |
Insurance Expense | 5,700 | |
Miscellaneous Expense | 5,400 | |
Total Expenses | 221,500 | |
Table (7) Conclusion: Net Income |
$10,700 |
Hence, the net income of Laundry E for the year ended June 30, 2018 is $10,700.
Hence, the retained earnings for the year ended June 30, 2018 is $66,300.
(6)
To Journalize: The closing entries for E Laundry.
(6)
Explanation of Solution
Closing entry for revenue and expense accounts:
Date | Accounts title and Explanation | Post Ref. |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) |
June 30, 2018 | Laundry Revenue | 232,200 | ||
Income Summary | 232,200 | |||
(To record the closure of revenues account ) | ||||
June 30 | Income Summary | 221,500 | ||
Wages Expense | 126,300 | |||
Rent Expense | 40,000 | |||
Utilities Expense | 19,700 | |||
Depreciation Expense | 6,500 | |||
Laundry supplies Expense | 17,900 | |||
Insurance Expense | 5,700 | |||
Miscellaneous Expense | 5,400 | |||
(To close the revenues and expenses account. Then the balance amount are transferred to income summary account) | ||||
June 30 | Income Summary | 10,700 | ||
Retained earnings | 10,700 | |||
(To record the closure of net income from income summary to retained earnings) | ||||
Retained earnings | 10,000 | |||
Dividends | 10,000 | |||
(To record the closure of dividend to retained earnings) |
Table (10)
Laundry revenue account has a normal credit balance of $232,200 in total, now to close this account, the laundry revenue account must be debited with $232,200 and, income summary account must be credited with $232,200.
- In this closing entry, the laundry revenue account balance is being transferred to the income summary account, to bring the revenues account balance to zero.
- Thereby, the income summary account balance gets increased by $232,200 and, the revenue account balance gets decreased by $232,200.
All expenses accounts have a normal debit balance, the total of expenses are $221,500 have to be closed by transferring these account balances to the income summary account. All expenses account must be credited, and the income summary account must be debited with $ 221,500.
- In this closing entry, all the expenses account balances are transferred to the income summary account, to bring the expenses account balances to zero.
- Thereby, both the income summary account, and the expenses account balances get decreased by $221,500.
Determined amount balance of income summary is $10,700, which has to be closed by debiting the income summary account with $10,700, and crediting the retained earnings account with $10,700.
- In this closing entry, the income summary account balance is being transferred to the retained earnings account, to bring the income summary account balance to zero.
- Thereby, the income summary account gets decreased, and the retained earnings account balance gets increased by $10,700.
Dividends account has a normal debit balance of $10,000, now to close this account, retained earnings account must be debited with $10,000 and, dividend account must be credited with $10,000.
- In this closing entry, the dividend account balance is being transferred to the retained earnings account, to bring the dividend account balance to zero.
- Thereby, the retained earnings account balance gets increased by $10,000 and, the dividend account balance gets decreased by $10,000.
(7)
To prepare: The post–closing trial balance of E Laundry for the month ended June 30, 2018.
(7)
Explanation of Solution
Prepare a post–closing trial balance of E Laundry for the month ended June 30, 2018 as follows:
Laundry E Post-closing Trial Balance June 30, 2018 |
||
Particulars | Debit $ | Credit $ |
Cash | 11,000 | |
Laundry Supplies | 3,600 | |
Prepaid insurance | 3,900 | |
Laundry Equipment | 232,600 | |
Accumulated depreciation | 131,900 | |
Accounts payable | 11,800 | |
Wages payable | 1,100 | |
BD’s Capital | 106,300 | |
Total | 251,100 | 251,100 |
Table (11)
The debit column and credit column of the post–closing trial balance are agreed, both having balance of $251,100.
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