Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134396026
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 15CP
Summary Introduction

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General responses to increase sympathetic and the parasympathetic activities.

Introduction:

Sympathetic activities are antagonistic to the parasympathetic activities. It means that they are opposite to the activities of the parasympathetic system. Sympathetic activities are related to an increased and an elevated level metabolism whether they may be increase in the oxidation of the reserve food materials or the metabolites; on the contrary, parasympathetic system helps the body to calm down to its normal state.

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Describe the effect of sympathetic innervation on each effector organ, especially the heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia.
List and describe the major effects of parasympathetic stimulation. Explain why sympathetic effectstend to be systemic and long lasting, while parasympathetic effects are local and short lived.
List examples of sympathetic and parasympathetic effects.
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