The treatment that can be administered to infants suffering from Menkes’ syndrome, so that the symptoms of the disorder can be avoided. Introduction: Copper acts as a cofactor for enzymes like lysyl oxidase and superoxide dismutase. Copper is mainly present in the protein called ceruloplasmin, which is a deep blue glycoprotein. Itsmajor function is to transport and maintain the levels of the copper (Cu 2+ ) ions in the body. Ceruloplasmin also maintains the iron metabolism .

Question

Consider the mechanism of enolase, as indicated below. Which of the following correctly describes the roles of the Mg2+ as illustrated in the figure? (This is a multi- select question). Mg2+ Mg2 Enolase PO3- OH -C-C-H H OH HO H-N-H Lys 345 Glu211 2-Phosphoglycerate bound to enzyme Mg2+ Mg2 PO3- OH C-C-H OH HO H H-N*-H Lys 345 O Glu211 Enolic intermediate HOH PO3- H Phosphoenolpyruvate The metal ion (Mg2+) is helping to stabilize the extra negative charge that developed on the carboxyl group in the enolic intermediate. The metal ion (Mg2+) is serving as a general base, removing a proton in order to improve the quality of the nucleophile. The metal ion (Mg2+) is assisting in the oxidation of the carboxyl carbon through metal ion catalysis. The metal ion (Mg2+) is helping to orient the substrate properly in the active site. The metal ion (Mg2+) is accepting a proton in order to improve the quality of the leaving group.

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Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The treatment that can be administered to infants suffering from Menkes’ syndrome, so that the symptoms of the disorder can be avoided.

Introduction:

Copper acts as a cofactor for enzymes like lysyl oxidase and superoxide dismutase. Copper is mainly present in the protein called ceruloplasmin, which is a deep blue glycoprotein. Itsmajor function is to transport and maintain the levels of the copper (Cu²⁺ ) ions in the body. Ceruloplasmin also maintains the iron metabolism.

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Consider the mechanism of enolase, as indicated below. Which of the following correctly describes the roles of the Mg2+ as illustrated in the figure? (This is a multi- select question). Mg2+ Mg2 Enolase PO3- OH -C-C-H H OH HO H-N-H Lys 345 Glu211 2-Phosphoglycerate bound to enzyme Mg2+ Mg2 PO3- OH C-C-H OH HO H H-N*-H Lys 345 O Glu211 Enolic intermediate HOH PO3- H Phosphoenolpyruvate The metal ion (Mg2+) is helping to stabilize the extra negative charge that developed on the carboxyl group in the enolic intermediate. The metal ion (Mg2+) is serving as a general base, removing a proton in order to improve the quality of the nucleophile. The metal ion (Mg2+) is assisting in the oxidation of the carboxyl carbon through metal ion catalysis. The metal ion (Mg2+) is helping to orient the substrate properly in the active site. The metal ion (Mg2+) is accepting a proton in order to improve the quality of the leaving group.

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